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Pharmacology Unit 3 > Worksheet Questions > Flashcards

Worksheet Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What two things make up the CNS?

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What are the two subsystems of the PNS?

A

Somatic and Autonomic nervous systems

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3
Q

What are the two subsystems of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems

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4
Q

which nervous system:

uses beta 1 and 2 receptors

A

Sympathetic

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5
Q

which nervous system:

decreases heart rate

A

Parasympathetic

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6
Q

which nervous system:

decreases GI motility

A

Sympathetic

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7
Q

which nervous system:

Uses nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

A

Parasympathetic

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8
Q

which nervous system:

Also called the adrenergic system.

A

Sympathetic

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9
Q

which nervous system:

Uses primarily acetylcholine for a neurotransmitter

A

Parasympathetic

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10
Q

which nervous system:

increases heart rate and respirations

A

Sympathetic

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11
Q

which nervous system:

Associated with the fight or flight response

A

Sympathetic

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12
Q

which nervous system:

Also called the cholinergic system

A

Parasympathetic

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13
Q

which nervous system:

Uses catecholamines for neurotransmitters

A

Sympathetic

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14
Q

which nervous system:

Uses alpha 1 & 2 receptors

A

Sympathetic

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15
Q

which nervous system:

increases GI motility

A

Parasympathetic

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16
Q

List the four basic mechanisms by which drugs affect the ANS.

A
  • Mimic neurotransmitters
  • Block the release of neurotransmitters
  • Block the attachment of neurotransmitters to receptors
  • Interfere with the breakdown or reuptake of neurotransmitters to the synapse
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17
Q

List the four basic categories of ANS drugs we discussed.

A

Parasympathomimetic (Cholinergic)
Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic)
Anticholinergic
Adrenergic Blockers

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18
Q

What kind of drug is bethanechol? What is it used for?

A

Parasympathomimetic/Cholinergic drug used for treating urinary retention by causing the bladder to contract and allowing urine to be passed.

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19
Q

What kind of drug is phenylpropanolamine? What is it used for?

A

Sympathomimetic/Adrenergic drug used for treating urinary incontinence by making the urethral sphincter tone increased so urine can’t be leaked.

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20
Q

What is the first line drug used to treat status epilepticus in dogs?

A

Diazepam (benzodiazepine tranquilizer)

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21
Q

What routes can Diazepam being given

A

oral tablet
oral solution
rectal gel
IV

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22
Q

What is the trade name of Diazepam

A

Valium

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23
Q

What effect does Diazepam have especially on cats

A

Great appetite stimulant for cats! Only takes a tiny dose via IV and then have the food ready to go.

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24
Q

What category of drug is xylazine?

A

alpha 2 agonist

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25
Q

what is xylazine used for

A

Sedative and Analgesic but is also great as an emetic (will induce vomiting), can be used in combo with opioid to cut the dosage needed and side effects

26
Q

what is unique about using xylazine in cattle compared to horses

A

Extremely potent in cattle – only takes 1/10 of the equine dose

27
Q

what drug reverses xylazine

A

yohimbine

28
Q

In the phenothiazine family, _______ is primarily used as a tranquilizer whereas ________is used as an anti-emetic.

A

acepromazine
chlorpromazine

29
Q

What does it mean when we say a drug is an expectorant?

A

a drug that can help the expulsion of respiratory secretions

30
Q

which drug is used as an expectorant and an induction agent in horses

A

Guaifenesin

31
Q

how is guaifenesin given to horses if used for induction

A

injection

32
Q

What is the name for the active ingredient in Dexdomitor?

A

Dexmedetomidine

33
Q

What drug reverses dexdomitor (trade and generic)

A

Antisedan, atipamezole

34
Q

If a dog is given 0.4cc of Dexdomitor IV, how much (in ml) is his dose of reversal agent?

A

0.4 ml reversal (0.4 cc = 0.4 ml)

35
Q

5 examples of subtle signs in a patient

A

Restlessness or unsettled
Abnormal aggression
Whining or crying
Not wanting to do normal activities like going outside to go potty
Panting

36
Q

Enzyme that promotes the formation of Prostaglandin, associated with tissue trauma and inflammation.

A

Cyclooxygenase - 2

37
Q

A mediator (generator) in inflammation, converted by COX-2 enzymes

A

Prostaglandin

38
Q

Beginning pain management before the pain actually happens.

A

preemptive pain management

39
Q

When the injured area becomes more sensitive and the threshold is lowered for stimulus to that area.

A

wind up pain

40
Q

name brand: carprofen

A

Rimadyl

41
Q

name brand: firocoxib

A

Previcox

42
Q

name brand: acetylsalicyclic acid

A

Aspirin

43
Q

name brand: meloxicam

A

Metacam

44
Q

name brand: etodolac

A

EtoGesic

45
Q

name brand: robenacoxib

A

Onsior

46
Q

name brand: acetaminophen

A

Tylenol

47
Q

name brand: flunixin meglumate

A

Banamine

48
Q

name brand: tepoxalin

A

Zubrin

49
Q

name brand: deracoxib

A

Deramaxx

50
Q

Phenylbutazone comes in many oral preparations as well as a parenteral form labeled for IV use only. What happens if you give it perivascularly (or IM or SQ)?

A

It will cause severe tissue necrosis and/or sloughing.

51
Q

Name 4 potential side effects of NSAIDS? (General categories)

A

GI ulceration and bleeding
Prevents cartilage metabolism
Suppresses bone marrow
Inhibits platelet aggregation

52
Q

What is the name of the disease that results when a patient receives too many exogenous steroids? How is it treated?

A

Hyperadrenocorticism > Cushing’s disease

Slowly taper the patient off of the steroid and the Cushing’s should resolve.

53
Q

relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment

A

iatrogenic

54
Q

List 2 main side effects of prednisone usage you should warn clients to expect every time it is prescribed.

A

Increased thirst (polydipsia) and therefore increased amounts (polyuria)/frequency of urination

Increased hunger (polyphagia) – but do not provide extra food to avoid weight gain

55
Q

Besides analgesia, Butorphanol and hydrocodone are also used for which additional purpose?

A

antitussive

56
Q

What are the three drugs in the CRI preparation known as MLK?

A

Morphine
Lidocaine
Ketamine

57
Q

two drugs that can be used at the site of transduction

A

Rimadyl
Metacam

58
Q

two drugs that can be used at the site of transmission

A

lidocaine
xylazine

59
Q

two drugs that can be used at the site of modulation

A

morphine
ketamine

60
Q

two drugs that can be used at the site of perception

A

butorphanol
sedivet

Pharmacology Unit 3 (23 decks)

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