Opiates/Narcotics Flashcards
what can opioids naturally be derived from
opium poppy
Three uses for opiates/narcotics
Analgesia
Sedation (hypnosis)
Decrease anxiety and fear
what kind of receptors in the brain do opiates/narcotics work on
opioid receptors
four classes of opioid receptors in the brain
Mu
Kappa
Sigma
Delta
which opioid receptor:
Analgesia
Euphoria
Respiratory depression
Physical dependence
Hypothermic actions
Mu
which opioid receptor:
Analgesia
Sedation
miosis
Kappa
which opioid receptor:
Struggling
Whining
Hallucinations
Mydriatic
Sigma
which opioid receptor:
Modify mu receptor activity
Delta
what are low doses of opiates/narcotics used for
cough suppressant
decreased peristalsis (anti-diarrheal)
what are high doses of opiates/narcotics used for
sedation
what opiate/narcotic is used to induce vomiting
apomorphine
how can opiates/narcotics be reversed
narcotic antagonists
five adverse effects of opiates/narcotics
Severe respiratory depression
Interfere with thermoregulation
Panting, defecation, vomiting, flatulence, constipation
Sound sensitivity; hyperexcitability
Potential for abuse and addiction
what is the opiate/narcotic antagonist
nalaxone
what narcotic is a natural derivative of opium
morphine
what kind of agonist is morphine
Mu
what narcotic is the standard for analgesic effect (all other narcotics are compared to it)
morphine
which narcotic if given IV, induces histamine release particularly if given as a rapid bolus
morphine (give it slowly)
what drug schedule is morphine
schedule II
Trade name of Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone
Oxycontin
what kind of agonist is Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone
Mu
Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone is how much more potent that morphine
10x
what narcotic can cause less vomiting that morphine
Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone
which narcotic is a better choice for patients with head trauma, eye injury and gastrointestinal disorders
Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone
what can Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone be used for in minor procedures
sedation
what is Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone combined with for anesthesia
tranquilizer (makes a neuroleptanalgesia)
The combination of sedation and analgesia
opioid + sedative
neuroleptanalgesia
what drug class is Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone
schedule II
what kind of agonist is Butorphanol
partial Sigma and Kappa
how much stronger than morphine is Butorphanol
4-7x
what can butorphanol also be used for
antitussive
what schedule drug is Butorphanol
schedule IV
what kind of agonist is fentanyl
Mu
how much stronger than morphine is fentanyl
100x
two ways that fentanyl can be used
IV or transdermal patches
what drug class is fentanyl
schedule II
two Trade name drugs associated with Hydrocodona
Hycodan
Tussigon
what is hydrocodone used for
antitussive
what kind of agonist is Hydrocodone
Mu
drug class of hydrocodone
schedule III
what narcotic is restricted to zoo vets
etorphine
how much more potent than morphine is etorphine
1000x (used on elephants!)
kills humans!
Trade name of diphenoxylate
Lomotil
what is diphenoxylate combined with
atropine
what is diphenoxylate used for
anti-diarrheal
what is apomorphine used for
to induce emesis
how can apomorphine be administered
Place a small tablet in the conjunctival sac
what does apomorphine trigger in the brain
chemoreceptor trigger zone
what is codeine used for
anti tussive
buprenorphine is a partial _____ agonist-antagonist
Mu
buprenorphine has a ______ duration and should be given in ______ doses
long
tiny
how much stronger than morphine is buprenorphine
40x
what species is buprenorphine good for and how should it be administered to them
cats
mucosal absorption (don’t let them swallow)
what schedule drug is buprenorphine
schedule III
four examples of neuroleptanalgesia
Morphine + acepromazine
Butorphanol + diazepam
Butorphanol + Dexdomitor**
Fentanyl + droperidol (Innovar-vet)
