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Pharmacology Unit 3 > Opiates/Narcotics > Flashcards

Opiates/Narcotics Flashcards

1
Q

what can opioids naturally be derived from

A

opium poppy

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2
Q

Three uses for opiates/narcotics

A

Analgesia
Sedation (hypnosis)
Decrease anxiety and fear

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3
Q

what kind of receptors in the brain do opiates/narcotics work on

A

opioid receptors

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4
Q

four classes of opioid receptors in the brain

A

Mu
Kappa
Sigma
Delta

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5
Q

which opioid receptor:

Analgesia
Euphoria
Respiratory depression
Physical dependence
Hypothermic actions

A

Mu

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6
Q

which opioid receptor:

Analgesia
Sedation
miosis

A

Kappa

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7
Q

which opioid receptor:

Struggling
Whining
Hallucinations
Mydriatic

A

Sigma

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8
Q

which opioid receptor:

Modify mu receptor activity

A

Delta

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9
Q

what are low doses of opiates/narcotics used for

A

cough suppressant
decreased peristalsis (anti-diarrheal)

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10
Q

what are high doses of opiates/narcotics used for

A

sedation

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11
Q

what opiate/narcotic is used to induce vomiting

A

apomorphine

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12
Q

how can opiates/narcotics be reversed

A

narcotic antagonists

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13
Q

five adverse effects of opiates/narcotics

A

Severe respiratory depression

Interfere with thermoregulation

Panting, defecation, vomiting, flatulence, constipation

Sound sensitivity; hyperexcitability

Potential for abuse and addiction

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14
Q

what is the opiate/narcotic antagonist

A

nalaxone

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15
Q

what narcotic is a natural derivative of opium

A

morphine

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16
Q

what kind of agonist is morphine

A

Mu

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17
Q

what narcotic is the standard for analgesic effect (all other narcotics are compared to it)

A

morphine

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18
Q

which narcotic if given IV, induces histamine release particularly if given as a rapid bolus

A

morphine (give it slowly)

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19
Q

what drug schedule is morphine

A

schedule II

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20
Q

Trade name of Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone

A

Oxycontin

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21
Q

what kind of agonist is Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone

A

Mu

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22
Q

Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone is how much more potent that morphine

A

10x

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23
Q

what narcotic can cause less vomiting that morphine

A

Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone

24
Q

which narcotic is a better choice for patients with head trauma, eye injury and gastrointestinal disorders

A

Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone

25
Q

what can Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone be used for in minor procedures

A

sedation

26
Q

what is Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone combined with for anesthesia

A

tranquilizer (makes a neuroleptanalgesia)

27
Q

The combination of sedation and analgesia

opioid + sedative

A

neuroleptanalgesia

28
Q

what drug class is Oxymorphone/Hydromorphone

A

schedule II

29
Q

what kind of agonist is Butorphanol

A

partial Sigma and Kappa

30
Q

how much stronger than morphine is Butorphanol

A

4-7x

31
Q

what can butorphanol also be used for

A

antitussive

32
Q

what schedule drug is Butorphanol

A

schedule IV

33
Q

what kind of agonist is fentanyl

A

Mu

34
Q

how much stronger than morphine is fentanyl

A

100x

35
Q

two ways that fentanyl can be used

A

IV or transdermal patches

36
Q

what drug class is fentanyl

A

schedule II

37
Q

two Trade name drugs associated with Hydrocodona

A

Hycodan
Tussigon

38
Q

what is hydrocodone used for

A

antitussive

39
Q

what kind of agonist is Hydrocodone

A

Mu

40
Q

drug class of hydrocodone

A

schedule III

41
Q

what narcotic is restricted to zoo vets

A

etorphine

42
Q

how much more potent than morphine is etorphine

A

1000x (used on elephants!)

kills humans!

43
Q

Trade name of diphenoxylate

A

Lomotil

44
Q

what is diphenoxylate combined with

A

atropine

45
Q

what is diphenoxylate used for

A

anti-diarrheal

46
Q

what is apomorphine used for

A

to induce emesis

47
Q

how can apomorphine be administered

A

Place a small tablet in the conjunctival sac

48
Q

what does apomorphine trigger in the brain

A

chemoreceptor trigger zone

49
Q

what is codeine used for

A

anti tussive

50
Q

buprenorphine is a partial _____ agonist-antagonist

A

Mu

51
Q

buprenorphine has a ______ duration and should be given in ______ doses

A

long
tiny

52
Q

how much stronger than morphine is buprenorphine

A

40x

53
Q

what species is buprenorphine good for and how should it be administered to them

A

cats
mucosal absorption (don’t let them swallow)

54
Q

what schedule drug is buprenorphine

A

schedule III

55
Q

four examples of neuroleptanalgesia

A

Morphine + acepromazine
Butorphanol + diazepam
Butorphanol + Dexdomitor**
Fentanyl + droperidol (Innovar-vet)

Pharmacology Unit 3 (23 decks)

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