Pain Relief and Inflammation Flashcards
most effective drug class for pain
opioids
what can opioids do to the respiratory system
cause severe respiratory depression
what can opioids cause in some patients
vomiting
Butorphanol is a ______ and ______ agonist and a ______ antagonist
sigma and kappa
Mu
Butorphanol doesn’t have _____ side effects
Mu
Buprenorphine is a partial _______ agonist and a ______ and ______ antagonist
Mu
Kappa and Delta
Buprenorphine has less ______ side effects
Mu
what do alpha 2 adrenergic agonists do
analgesia and sedation (it’s own neuroleptanalgesia)
an increased dose of alpha 2 adrenergic agonist does not increase what
analgesia - increases duration
premed for alpha 2 agonist
atropine
what does NMDAR stand for
N-Methyl-D aspartate receptor (NMDAR)
what can Ketamine stop
the windup, not true analgesia
what pain control drug is an NMDAR
Ketamine
what pain control drug is a Mu-opiate like interaction
Tramadol
Tramadol is now a ______ drug
controlled
tramadol inhibits the reuptake of what
Seratonin-norepinephrine
gabapentin prevents pain associated with what
neuropathic pain
amantadine prevents pain associated with what two things
the wind up
neuropathic pain
anesthetic:
patient is unconscious (not necessarily analgesics)
general anesthesia
anesthetic:
loss of feeling in the area where anesthetic is given
local anesthesia
anesthetic:
Loss of feeling to a larger area of the body (nerve block)
regional anesthesia
three common drugs used for local anesthetics
Lidocaine
Bupivacaine
Marcaine (bupivacaine + epinephrine)
which local anesthetic has rapid onset
lidocaine
Lidocaine:
______ onset (____ mins), _____ duration (_____ hours)
rapid, 5-10 mins
short, 1-2 hours
what can be added to atropine to diminish the sting (because it’s acidic) at injection
bicarbonate
Bupivacaine:
______ onset (_____ mins), ______ duration (_____ hours)
slower, 20 mins
longer, 4-6 hours
how can you increase the duration of marcaine
by adding epinephrine (it is a vasoconstrictor)
what makes up the MLK constant rate infusion
morphine
lidocaine
ketamine
what is MLK added to
LRS bag
what does MLK need to begin with
loading dose
