Pain Relief and Inflammation

Question 1

most effective drug class for pain

Answer 1

opioids

Question 2

what can opioids do to the respiratory system

Answer 2

cause severe respiratory depression

Question 3

what can opioids cause in some patients

Answer 3

vomiting

Question 4

Butorphanol is a ______ and ______ agonist and a ______ antagonist

Answer 4

sigma and kappa
Mu

Question 5

Butorphanol doesn’t have _____ side effects

Answer 5

Mu

Question 6

Buprenorphine is a partial _______ agonist and a ______ and ______ antagonist

Answer 6

Mu
Kappa and Delta

Question 7

Buprenorphine has less ______ side effects

Answer 7

Mu

Question 8

what do alpha 2 adrenergic agonists do

Answer 8

analgesia and sedation (it’s own neuroleptanalgesia)

Question 9

an increased dose of alpha 2 adrenergic agonist does not increase what

Answer 9

analgesia - increases duration

Question 10

premed for alpha 2 agonist

Answer 10

atropine

Question 11

what does NMDAR stand for

Answer 11

N-Methyl-D aspartate receptor (NMDAR)

Question 12

what can Ketamine stop

Answer 12

the windup, not true analgesia

Question 13

what pain control drug is an NMDAR

Answer 13

Ketamine

Question 14

what pain control drug is a Mu-opiate like interaction

Answer 14

Tramadol

Question 15

Tramadol is now a ______ drug

Answer 15

controlled

Question 16

tramadol inhibits the reuptake of what

Answer 16

Seratonin-norepinephrine

Question 17

gabapentin prevents pain associated with what

Answer 17

neuropathic pain

Question 18

amantadine prevents pain associated with what two things

Answer 18

the wind up
neuropathic pain

Question 19

anesthetic:

patient is unconscious (not necessarily analgesics)

Answer 19

general anesthesia

Question 20

anesthetic:

loss of feeling in the area where anesthetic is given

Answer 20

local anesthesia

Question 21

anesthetic:

Loss of feeling to a larger area of the body (nerve block)

Answer 21

regional anesthesia

Question 22

three common drugs used for local anesthetics

Answer 22

Lidocaine
Bupivacaine
Marcaine (bupivacaine + epinephrine)

Question 23

which local anesthetic has rapid onset

Answer 23

lidocaine

Question 24

Lidocaine:

______ onset (____ mins), _____ duration (_____ hours)

Answer 24

rapid, 5-10 mins
short, 1-2 hours

Question 25

what can be added to atropine to diminish the sting (because it’s acidic) at injection

Answer 25

bicarbonate

Question 26

Bupivacaine:

______ onset (_____ mins), ______ duration (_____ hours)

Answer 26

slower, 20 mins
longer, 4-6 hours

Question 27

how can you increase the duration of marcaine

Answer 27

by adding epinephrine (it is a vasoconstrictor)

Question 28

what makes up the MLK constant rate infusion

Answer 28

morphine
lidocaine
ketamine

Question 29

what is MLK added to

Answer 29

LRS bag

Question 30

what does MLK need to begin with

Answer 30

loading dose