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Pharmacology Unit 3 > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

what does NSAID stand for

A

non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs

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2
Q

what two pain drugs are given by CRI

A

ketamine
MLK

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3
Q

Pain is an unpleasant _______ and ______ experience associated with ______ or _______ tissue damage or _______ in terms of such damage

A

sensory
emotional
actual
potential
described

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4
Q

two types of pain

A

acute/adaptive (physiologic)
chronic/maladaptive

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5
Q

which type of pain is associated with healing behaviors

A

acute/adaptive (physiologic)

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6
Q

which type of pain has no healing behavior benefit

A

chronic/maladaptive

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7
Q

three subtypes of acute/adaptative (physiologic) pain

A

somatic
visceral
neuropathic

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8
Q

what is somatic pain associated with

A

specific body part

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9
Q

what is visceral pain associated with

A

internal, difficult to localize

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10
Q

what is neuropathic pain associated with

A

originates in nerves, spinal cord or brain

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11
Q

where does superficial pain arise from

A

SQ tissue

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12
Q

where does deep pain arise from

A

muscles, tendons, bones, joints

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13
Q

where does visceral pain arise from

A

hollow organs, peritoneum, heart, lungs and liver

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14
Q

two divisions of clinical pain signs

A

physiological and behavioral

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15
Q

four subtle signs of pain

A

posture
temperament
vocalization
locomotion

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16
Q

Gold star pain scale

A

Colorado State University Acute Pain Scale

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17
Q

three divisions of the Colorado State University Acute Pain Scale

A

Behavior
Palpation
Body Tension

18
Q

important inflammatory mediator that is released because of pain

A

prostaglandins

19
Q

pain receptors

A

nociceptors

20
Q

three kinds of nociceptors

A

mechanical
thermal
chemical

21
Q

four area of the pain pathway

A

transduction
transmission
modulation
perception

22
Q

which pain pathway is not associated with nociception

A

perception

23
Q

Pain pathway:

Site of tissue damage (Nociceptor site)

A

transduction

24
Q

Pain Pathway:

Specialized peripheral nerves carry to the spinal cord

A

transmission

25
Q

Pain pathway:

spinal cord to brain - brakes/feedback

A

modulation

26
Q

Paid pathway:

brain perceives the pain

A

perception

27
Q

When neurons are stimulated repeatedly

Discharge at a lower level of stimulation

Recruit other nerves to carry pain

A

Wind Up

28
Q

what is another name of Wind Up

A

Central Sensitization

29
Q

What does the Wind Up cause

A

Hyperalgesia (makes it hurt more)

30
Q

what kind of pain management is a good idea with Wind Up

A

preemptive

31
Q

Beginning pain management before painful stimulus is applied

A

preemptive pain management

32
Q

The absence of the sensation of pain

A

analgesia

33
Q

analgesia is not the lack of what

A

all sensation (which would be anesthesia)

34
Q

what is a myth associated with pain

A

“Pain is beneficial in limiting the recovering animals activity”

35
Q

seven mechanisms of pain control

A

Emotional and environmental components
Preemptive pain management is a good idea
Avoid wind-up
Multi-Modal
CRIs are very useful for pain control (no peaks and valleys)
Duration
Non-chemical forms

36
Q

three steps for administering analgesics

A

develop INDIVIDUAL plans
monitor SIDE EFFECTS
monitor analgesic SUCCESS

37
Q

three drug classes that work on transduction

A

locals
opioids
NSAIDs

38
Q

two drug classes that work on transmission

A

locals
alpha 2 agonists

39
Q

four drug classes that work on modulation

A

locals
opioids
alpha 2 agonists
NMDA antagonists

40
Q

two drug classes that work on perception

A

opioids
alpha 2 agonists

Pharmacology Unit 3 (23 decks)

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