Pain

Question 1

what does NSAID stand for

Answer 1

non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs

Question 2

what two pain drugs are given by CRI

Answer 2

ketamine
MLK

Question 3

Pain is an unpleasant _______ and ______ experience associated with ______ or _______ tissue damage or _______ in terms of such damage

Answer 3

sensory
emotional
actual
potential
described

Question 4

two types of pain

Answer 4

acute/adaptive (physiologic)
chronic/maladaptive

Question 5

which type of pain is associated with healing behaviors

Answer 5

acute/adaptive (physiologic)

Question 6

which type of pain has no healing behavior benefit

Answer 6

chronic/maladaptive

Question 7

three subtypes of acute/adaptative (physiologic) pain

Answer 7

somatic
visceral
neuropathic

Question 8

what is somatic pain associated with

Answer 8

specific body part

Question 9

what is visceral pain associated with

Answer 9

internal, difficult to localize

Question 10

what is neuropathic pain associated with

Answer 10

originates in nerves, spinal cord or brain

Question 11

where does superficial pain arise from

Answer 11

SQ tissue

Question 12

where does deep pain arise from

Answer 12

muscles, tendons, bones, joints

Question 13

where does visceral pain arise from

Answer 13

hollow organs, peritoneum, heart, lungs and liver

Question 14

two divisions of clinical pain signs

Answer 14

physiological and behavioral

Question 15

four subtle signs of pain

Answer 15

posture
temperament
vocalization
locomotion

Question 16

Gold star pain scale

Answer 16

Colorado State University Acute Pain Scale

Question 17

three divisions of the Colorado State University Acute Pain Scale

Answer 17

Behavior
Palpation
Body Tension

Question 18

important inflammatory mediator that is released because of pain

Answer 18

prostaglandins

Question 19

pain receptors

Answer 19

nociceptors

Question 20

three kinds of nociceptors

Answer 20

mechanical
thermal
chemical

Question 21

four area of the pain pathway

Answer 21

transduction
transmission
modulation
perception

Question 22

which pain pathway is not associated with nociception

Answer 22

perception

Question 23

Pain pathway:

Site of tissue damage (Nociceptor site)

Answer 23

transduction

Question 24

Pain Pathway:

Specialized peripheral nerves carry to the spinal cord

Answer 24

transmission

Question 25

Pain pathway: spinal cord to brain - brakes/feedback

Answer 25

modulation

Question 26

Paid pathway: brain perceives the pain

Answer 26

perception

Question 27

When neurons are stimulated repeatedly Discharge at a lower level of stimulation Recruit other nerves to carry pain

Answer 27

Wind Up

Question 28

what is another name of Wind Up

Answer 28

Central Sensitization

Question 29

What does the Wind Up cause

Answer 29

Hyperalgesia (makes it hurt more)

Question 30

what kind of pain management is a good idea with Wind Up

Answer 30

preemptive

Question 31

Beginning pain management before painful stimulus is applied

Answer 31

preemptive pain management

Question 32

The absence of the sensation of pain

Answer 32

analgesia

Question 33

analgesia is not the lack of what

Answer 33

all sensation (which would be anesthesia)

Question 34

what is a myth associated with pain

Answer 34

“Pain is beneficial in limiting the recovering animals activity”

Question 35

seven mechanisms of pain control

Answer 35

Emotional and environmental components Preemptive pain management is a good idea Avoid wind-up Multi-Modal CRIs are very useful for pain control (no peaks and valleys) Duration Non-chemical forms

Question 36

three steps for administering analgesics

Answer 36

develop INDIVIDUAL plans monitor SIDE EFFECTS monitor analgesic SUCCESS

Question 37

three drug classes that work on transduction

Answer 37

locals opioids NSAIDs

Question 38

two drug classes that work on transmission

Answer 38

locals alpha 2 agonists

Question 39

four drug classes that work on modulation

Answer 39

locals opioids alpha 2 agonists NMDA antagonists

Question 40

two drug classes that work on perception

Answer 40

opioids alpha 2 agonists