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Yr 2 Movement - term 2 and 3 > Workbook - The leg > Flashcards

Workbook - The leg Flashcards

1
Q

What is the larger, medial bone in the leg?

A

Tibia.

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2
Q

What shape is a cross-section of the tibia?

A

Triangular.

-medial, lateral and posterior surfaces

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3
Q

Where is the soleal line and what attaches to it?

A

On the posterior surface of the proximal tibia.

-soleus muscle

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4
Q

Where is the tibial tuberosity and what attaches to it?

A

On the anterior surface of the proximal tibia.

-patellar ligament

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5
Q

What is acute osteomyelitis?

A

Inflammation of longer bones due to new infection in the bone.
-predominantly in children

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6
Q

What is a common site for acute osteomyelitis?

A

Proximal end of the tibial shaft.

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7
Q

Why is the tibia the commonest long bone to be fractured?

A
  • Superficial and unprotected ant/med

- Particularly slender in lower 1/3.

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8
Q

What is a compound injury?

A

Break in continuity of bone that pierces skin.

-dirt/bacteria can enter

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9
Q

What is the smaller, lateral bone in the leg?

A

Fibula.

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10
Q

What does the fibula articulate with proximally?

A

Lateral condyle of tibia.

-does not form knee joint

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11
Q

What does the fibula articulate with distally?

A

Anchored to tibia by fibrous joint.

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12
Q

What is the interosseous membrane in the leg?

A

Fibrous joint that unites the tibia and fibula.

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13
Q

What is the function of the interosseous membrane in the leg? (2)

A
  • Separates muscles into anterior and posterior compartment

- Site of attachment for muscles

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14
Q

How many foramina are there in the interosseous membrane?

A

Two.

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15
Q

What is the function of the 2 foramina in the interosseous membrane?

A

SUPERIOR - anterior tibial vessels pass through to anterior leg
INFERIOR - anterior fibular vessels (perforation branches) pass through

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16
Q

What is another name for fibular?

A

Peroneal.

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17
Q

How many compartments are there in the leg?

A

Three.

-anterior/posterior/lateral

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18
Q

What divides the leg into 3 compartments?

A
  • Interosseous membrane
  • 2 intermuscular septae
  • Attachment of deep fascia to periosteum
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19
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg? (4)

A
  • Tibialis anterior (most med)
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Fibularis tertius
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20
Q

Which muscle is not present in everyone?

A

Fibularis tertius.

-considered part of extensor digitorum longus

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21
Q

Which muscle is lateral to tibialis anterior and partially covered by it?

A

Extensor hallucis longus.

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22
Q

What is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve.

-branch of common fibular

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23
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery.

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24
Q

How many extensor retinaculum are there on the leg?

A

Two.

  • superior and inferior
  • both on anterior ankle
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25
Q

What is the function of the retinaculum?

A

Holds tendons in place and stabilises them.

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26
Q

What are the main functions of the anterior compartment of the leg? (3)

A
  • Dorsiflex foot
  • Extend toe
  • Invert foot
27
Q

Where are the origins and insertions of extrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Origins - leg

Insertions - foot

28
Q

Where are the origins and insertions of intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Origins - foot

Insertions - foot

29
Q

What are the extrinsic extensors of the foot? (2)

A
  • Extensor hallucis longus

- Extensor digitorum longus

30
Q

What is the function of fibularis tertius?

A
  • Dorsiflexion

- Eversion of the foot (unlike other ant compartment muscles)

31
Q

Which artery is deep to extensor digitorum longus?

A

Anterior tibial artery.

32
Q

What is the course of the anterior tibial artery?

A

Arises from the popliteal artery

|&raquo_space; passes from post to ant compartment of leg via superior hiatus in interosseous membrane

33
Q

What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg? (2)

A
  • Fibularis (peroneus) longus

- Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

34
Q

Where do the tendons of fibularis longus and brevis pass at the ankle?

A

Posterior to the lateral malleolus.

35
Q

Where does fibularis longus tendon pass of the plantar foot, and where does it insert?

A

Travels medially across sole.

- inserts on lateral side of distal medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1

36
Q

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superfical fibular nerve (L5-S2).

-branch of common fibular

37
Q

What are the main actions of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A
  • Evert the foot

- Plantar flex foot (longus)

38
Q

Where is the common fibular nerve vulnerable to injury?

A

As it courses around the neck of the fibula.

39
Q

What are the consequences of injuring the common fibular nerve at the neck of the fibula?

A
  • Foot drop (lose ability to dorsiflex)
  • Characteristic gait
  • Paralysis of ant and lat compartments of leg
40
Q

What does the common fibular nerve innervate?

A

MOTOR

  • short head of biceps femoris
  • branches to lat & ant compartments of leg

SENSORY

  • skin over upper lat and lower post/lat leg
  • branches to skin over ant/lat leg and dorsum of foot
41
Q

How many muscles are there in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Seven.

42
Q

What are the subcompartments of the leg, and what separates them?

A

Superficial and deep.

-separated by transverse intermuscular septum

43
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg? (3)

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
44
Q

Which muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg are able to function as flexor of the knee as well as plantarflexors of the ankle? (2)

A
  • Gastrocnemius

- Plantaris

45
Q

What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg? (4)

A
  • Popliteus
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
  • Tibialis posterior
46
Q

What artery and nerve run in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • Posterior tibial artery

- Tibial nerve

47
Q

Which tendons of the deep posterior compartment run posterior to the medial malleolus? (3)

A 
ANT >> POST:
-Tibialis posterior
-flexor Digitorum longus
(-Neurovascular bundle)
-flexor Hallucis longus

(Tom Dick and Nervous Harry)

48
Q

Which artery and nerve are in the neurovascular bundle that passes posterior to the medial malleolus?

A
  • Posterior tibial artery

- Tibial nerve

49
Q

What is the arterial supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery.

50
Q

Where does the anterior tibial artery originate?

A

From the popliteal artery in the posterior compartment of the leg.

51
Q

How does the aterior tibial artery enter the anterior compartment of the leg from the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Through an aperture in the interosseous membrane.

52
Q

What is the route of the anterior tibial artery in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Descends on interosseous membrane
» between tendons of tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus
» passes anrterior to distal tibia
» dorsalis pedis artery in dorsal foot
» gives rise to lat and med malleolar arteries

53
Q

What meets the anterior tibial artery at the interosseous membrane and descends down the anterior leg with it?

A

Deep fibular nerve.

54
Q

What is the most superficial muscle in the calf (posterior leg)?

A

Gastrocnemius.

55
Q

What muscle are the tibial vessels and nerve deep to?

A

Soleus.

56
Q

What is the common insertion of the superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

A

Calcaneus (heel bone).

-via the calcaneal tendon

57
Q

What is another name for the calcaneal tendon?

A

Achilles tendon

Tendocalcaneus

58
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein enter the femoral vein?

A

In the superior thigh, immediately inferior to the inguinal ligament.

59
Q

What nerve accompanies the great saphenous vein in the lower leg?

A

Saphenous nerve.

-medial leg and foot

60
Q

Which artery supplies blood to adductor brevis?

A

Obturator artery.

61
Q

The branches of which artery supply blood to the knee joint?

A

Genicular branches of the popliteal artery.

62
Q

What is another name for the fibular artery?

A

Peroneal artery.

63
Q

Which artery passes through the adductor canal (from the anterior thigh to the posterior thigh)?

A

Femoral artery.

-along with femoral vein, saphenous nerve and nerve to vastus medialis

64
Q

Which artery is a direct continuation of the external iliac artery?

A

Femoral artery.

Yr 2 Movement - term 2 and 3 (13 decks)

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