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Yr 2 Movement - term 2 and 3 > Pelvis and Hip Joint > Flashcards

Pelvis and Hip Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Which 3 bones make up the pelvic girdle?

A
  • L & R hip bones

- Sacrum

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2
Q

Which 3 joints does the pelvic girdle contain?

A
  • 2 sacroiliac joints

- Pubic symphysis

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3
Q

Which bony features does the pelvic girdle connect?

A

The vertebral column to the femurs.

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4
Q

What is the function of the pelvis?

A

-stability, locomotion, protection

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5
Q

How is the pelvis positioned in the body?

A

Tilted forward slightly

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6
Q

What is another name for the hip bone?

A

Innominate bone

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7
Q

Which 3 bones fuse to form the innominate (hip) bone?

A
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubic
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8
Q

What is the area called where the 3 parts (ilium, ischium, pubis) of the pelvis fuse?

A

The acetabulum.

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9
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

The ‘socket’ of the innominate bone that articulates with the femoral head&raquo_space; hip joint.

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10
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket synovial joint.

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11
Q

What structures are involved in the hip joint?

A
  • Head of femur

- Acetabulum (of innominate bone)

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12
Q

What structures provide stability in the hip joint? (3)

A
  • Acetabulum
  • Fibrous capsule
  • Ligaments
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13
Q

What shape is the articular surface of the acetabulum?

A

Crescent-shaped (‘lunate’).

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14
Q

Where is the acetabulum deficient and what does this form?

A

Inferiorly&raquo_space; acetabular notch.

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15
Q

What is the acetabular notch bridged by?

A

Transverse acetabular ligament.

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16
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

Rim of cartilage than deepens the articular surface.

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17
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the fibrous capsule of the hip joint?

A

Rim of acetabulum.

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18
Q

What is the distal attachment of the fibrous capsule of the hip joint?

A

Femoral neck

- intertrochanteric line & greater trochanter

19
Q

What are the main 3 ligaments that strengthen the hip joint?

A
  • Iliofemoral
  • Pubofemoral
  • Ischiofemoral
20
Q

What do these ligaments attach to distally?

A

The femur.

21
Q

Which is the strongest ligament at the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral ligament.

22
Q

Which is the weakest ligament at the hip joint?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament.

23
Q

Where does the iliofemoral ligament cover the hip joint?

A

Superiorly & anteriorly.

24
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents hyperextension when standing.

25
Q

Where does the pubofemoral ligament cover the hip joint?

A

Inferiorly & anteriorly.

26
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents excessive abduction.

27
Q

Where does the ischiofemoral ligament cover the hip joint?

A

Posteriorly.

28
Q

What causes a pubic rami fracture?

A

Force from lateral direction.

29
Q

How are pubic rami fractures treated?

A

Conservatively (i.e. pain relief).

30
Q

What causes an ‘open book’ pelvic fracture?

A

Straight on force.

-e.g. motorbike crash

31
Q

Why can pelvic fractures be problematic?

A

Pelvis holds 2-3 litres of blood&raquo_space; internal bleeding.

32
Q

Why are fractures to the neck of the femur common?

A

Neck of the femur is relatively thin.

33
Q

What causes a posterior dislocation of the femur?

A

Impact when hip is flexed, internally rotated and adducted (seated position).
-e.g. car accident

34
Q

What would a posterior dislocation look like?

A

Leg would appear shortened & internally rotated.

35
Q

What other injuries may be associated with posterior dislocation of the femur? (2)

A
  • Sciatic nerve injury

- Acetabular fracture

36
Q

What causes an anterior dislocation of the femur?

A

Force during extreme abduction & external rotation of the hip.

37
Q

What would an anterior dislocation of the femur look like?

A

Limb would appear externally rotated, abducted & flexed.

38
Q

What structures are at risk in an anterior dislocation of the femur? (3)

A

Femoral artery, vein & nerve.

-they are all anterior

39
Q

What may cause a medial dislocation/acetabular fracture?

A

Fall from a height.

40
Q

What complication are associated with medial dislocation/acetabular fracture?

A
  • Punctured bladder
  • Urethral injury
  • Punctured veins
  • could be fatal (» bleeding into pelvis)
41
Q

What may occur if the blood supply to femoral head is disrupted?

A

Avascular necrosis.

42
Q

What can avascular necrosis of the femoral head lead to?

A
  • Arthritis

- Joint replacements

43
Q

What is Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)?

A

A congenital abnormality

  • ligaments around the hip joint are loose
  • ball not centred in socket
  • > > sublaxation or dislocation
44
Q

What are possible movements of the hip?

A
  • Flexion/extension
  • Abduction/adduction
  • External/internal rotation

Yr 2 Movement - term 2 and 3 (13 decks)

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