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Yr 2 Movement - term 2 and 3 > Pelvis and Hip Joint > Flashcards

Pelvis and Hip Joint Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

Which 3 bones make up the pelvic girdle?

A
  • L & R hip bones

- Sacrum

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2
Q

Which 3 joints does the pelvic girdle contain?

A
  • 2 sacroiliac joints

- Pubic symphysis

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3
Q

Which bony features does the pelvic girdle connect?

A

The vertebral column to the femurs.

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4
Q

What is the function of the pelvis?

A

-stability, locomotion, protection

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5
Q

How is the pelvis positioned in the body?

A

Tilted forward slightly

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6
Q

What is another name for the hip bone?

A

Innominate bone

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7
Q

Which 3 bones fuse to form the innominate (hip) bone?

A
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubic
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8
Q

What is the area called where the 3 parts (ilium, ischium, pubis) of the pelvis fuse?

A

The acetabulum.

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9
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

The ‘socket’ of the innominate bone that articulates with the femoral head&raquo_space; hip joint.

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10
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket synovial joint.

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11
Q

What structures are involved in the hip joint?

A
  • Head of femur

- Acetabulum (of innominate bone)

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12
Q

What structures provide stability in the hip joint? (3)

A
  • Acetabulum
  • Fibrous capsule
  • Ligaments
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13
Q

What shape is the articular surface of the acetabulum?

A

Crescent-shaped (‘lunate’).

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14
Q

Where is the acetabulum deficient and what does this form?

A

Inferiorly&raquo_space; acetabular notch.

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15
Q

What is the acetabular notch bridged by?

A

Transverse acetabular ligament.

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16
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

Rim of cartilage than deepens the articular surface.

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17
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the fibrous capsule of the hip joint?

A

Rim of acetabulum.

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18
Q

What is the distal attachment of the fibrous capsule of the hip joint?

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A

Femoral neck

- intertrochanteric line & greater trochanter

19
Q

What are the main 3 ligaments that strengthen the hip joint?

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A
  • Iliofemoral
  • Pubofemoral
  • Ischiofemoral
20
Q

What do these ligaments attach to distally?

21
Q

Which is the strongest ligament at the hip joint?

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A

Iliofemoral ligament.

22
Q

Which is the weakest ligament at the hip joint?

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A

Ischiofemoral ligament.

23
Q

Where does the iliofemoral ligament cover the hip joint?

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A

Superiorly & anteriorly.

24
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

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A

Prevents hyperextension when standing.

25
Where does the pubofemoral ligament cover the hip joint?
Inferiorly & anteriorly.
26
What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?
Prevents excessive abduction.
27
Where does the ischiofemoral ligament cover the hip joint?
Posteriorly.
28
What causes a pubic rami fracture?
Force from lateral direction.
29
How are pubic rami fractures treated?
Conservatively (i.e. pain relief).
30
What causes an ‘open book’ pelvic fracture?
Straight on force. | -e.g. motorbike crash
31
Why can pelvic fractures be problematic?
Pelvis holds 2-3 litres of blood >> internal bleeding.
32
Why are fractures to the neck of the femur common?
Neck of the femur is relatively thin.
33
What causes a posterior dislocation of the femur?
Impact when hip is flexed, internally rotated and adducted (seated position). -e.g. car accident
34
What would a posterior dislocation look like?
Leg would appear shortened & internally rotated.
35
What other injuries may be associated with posterior dislocation of the femur? (2)
- Sciatic nerve injury | - Acetabular fracture
36
What causes an anterior dislocation of the femur?
Force during extreme abduction & external rotation of the hip.
37
What would an anterior dislocation of the femur look like?
Limb would appear externally rotated, abducted & flexed.
38
What structures are at risk in an anterior dislocation of the femur? (3)
Femoral artery, vein & nerve. | -they are all anterior
39
What may cause a medial dislocation/acetabular fracture?
Fall from a height.
40
What complication are associated with medial dislocation/acetabular fracture?
- Punctured bladder - Urethral injury - Punctured veins - could be fatal (>> bleeding into pelvis)
41
What may occur if the blood supply to femoral head is disrupted?
Avascular necrosis.
42
What can avascular necrosis of the femoral head lead to?
- Arthritis | - Joint replacements
43
What is Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)?
A congenital abnormality - ligaments around the hip joint are loose - ball not centred in socket - >>sublaxation or dislocation
44
What are possible movements of the hip?
- Flexion/extension - Abduction/adduction - External/internal rotation

Yr 2 Movement - term 2 and 3 (13 decks)

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