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Yr 2 Movement - term 2 and 3 > Workbook - The foot > Flashcards

Workbook - The foot Flashcards

1
Q

What bones form the ankle joint? (3)

A
  • Tibia
  • Fibula
  • Talus
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2
Q

What are the tibia and fibula held together by distally?

A

Tibiofibular ligaments.

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3
Q

What is the socket formed by the distal tibia and fibula called?

A

Mortise.

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4
Q

What are the bones of the foot?

A
  • Talus
  • Calcaneus (post)
  • Navicular (med)
  • Cuboid (lat)
  • 3 Cuneiforms (med)
  • 5 Metatarsals
  • 14 phalanges (2 on great toe, 3 on other toes)
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5
Q

What are the small bones/outgrowths on the distal end of metatarsal 1?

A

Sesamoid bones.

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6
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint.

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7
Q

What movements are possible at the ankle?

A
  • Dorsiflexion, 45* (ant compartment)
  • Plantarflexion, 20* (post compartment)
  • Inversion, 30*
  • Eversion, 20*
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8
Q

What ligaments strengthen the ankle posteriorly? (2)

A

-Posterior tibiofibular ligament
-Posterior talofibular ligament
(-Calcaneal tendon)

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9
Q

What ligaments strengthen the ankle medially? (2)

A
  • Deltoid ligament (post tinulotalar & tibulocalcaneal)

- Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

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10
Q

What ligament strengthens the ankle medially/posteriorly?

A

Calcaneofibular ligament.

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11
Q

What are the 2 intertarsal joints?

A
  • Subtalar joint

- Transverse talar joint

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12
Q

What is the subtarsal joint formed by?

A

Talus and calcaneus bones.

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13
Q

What movements are possible are the subtarsal joint?

A
  • Inversion (tibialis anterior and posterior)

- Eversion (fibularis longus and brevis)

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14
Q

What is the transverse talar joint formed by?

A

2 articulations:

  • calcaneus and cuboid bones
  • navicular and talus bones
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15
Q

How many arches are there in the foot?

A

Three.

-1 transverse, 2 longitudinal

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16
Q

What supports the longitudinal arches in the foot?

A

PASSIVE - plantar aponeurosis, short/long plantar ligaments, plantar calcaneal ligament
DYNAMIC - flexor hallucis longus, fibularis longus, intrinsic plantar muscles

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17
Q

What supports the transverse arch in the foot?

A

PASSIVE - wedge shaped cuneiform

DYNAMIC - fibularis longus, tibialis posterior

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18
Q

What is pes planus?

A

Flat foot.

-due to lowered/flattened longitudinal arch

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19
Q

What usually causes pes planus?

A

Loose/degenerating ligaments.

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20
Q

Which bone is often displaced with pes planus?

A

Talus.

-displaced inf/med

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21
Q

What are the intrinsic extensor muscles on the dorsum of the foot? (2)

A
  • Extensor halucis brevis

- Extensor digitorum brevis

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22
Q

What artery is located on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Dorsalis pedis artery.

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23
Q

Which nerves supply the dorsal aspect of the foot? (2)

A
  • Superficial fibular nerve (L4-S1)

- Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

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24
Q

What is the motor innervation of the superficial fibular nerve?

A

-Lateral compartment of the leg

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25
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the superficial fibular nerve?

A
  • Most of skin over dorsum of foot (apart from webbing between toes 1 and 2)
  • Ant/lat distal 1/3 of leg
26
Q

What is the motor innervation of the deep fibular nerve?

A
  • Anterior compartment of the leg

- Intrinsic extensor muscles of the foot (EDB, EHB)

27
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the deep fibular nerve?

A

Triangular region between 1st and 2nd toes.

28
Q

Which nerves supply the skin of dorsum of the foot ? (4)

A

SUPERFICIAL FIBULAR - most of dorsum of foot
DEEP FIBULAR - region between 1st and 2nd toes
SURAL - lateral leg/foot/little toe, lateral malleolus
SAPHENOUS - ant/med leg, medial malleolus

29
Q

Where are the majority of the intrinsic muscles of the foot located?

A

In the plantar aspect.

-sole of foot

30
Q

How many layers is the plantar aspect of the foot arranged into?

A

4 layers of muscles.

31
Q

What is superficial to the 1st layer of muscles in the plantar aspect of the foot?

A

Plantar aponeurosis.

32
Q

What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis of the foot?

A

Supports longitudinal arched of the foot and protects deeper structures in the sole.
-fibres diverge anteriorly and form digital bands&raquo_space; toes

33
Q

What are the dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot? (2)

A
  • Extensor digitorum brevis

- Extensor digitorum hallucis

34
Q

Which muscles are in the 1st layer of the plantar aspect of the foot? (3)

A

Medial&raquo_space; lateral:

  • Adductor hallucis
  • Flexor digitorum brevis
  • Abductor digiti minimi
35
Q

What is the common origin of the muscles in the 1st layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?

A

Calcaneal tuberosity.

-have other origins too

36
Q

What is the common nerve supply of the muscles in the 1st layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?

A

Medial plantar nerve (S1-3).

-branch of tibial nerve

37
Q

What muscles are in the 2nd layer of the plantar aspect of the foot? (4)

A
  • Flexor hallucis longus tendon
  • Flexor digitorum longus tendons
  • Lumbrical muscles
  • Quadratus plantae muscles
38
Q

What muscles are in the 3rd layer of the plantar aspect of the foot? (3)

A
  • Flexor hallucis brevis
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • Adductor hallucis (transverse & oblique head)
39
Q

What muscles are in the 4th (deepest) layer of the plantar aspect of the foot? (7)

A
  • 3 plantar interossei

- 4 dorsal interossei

40
Q

Where are the interossei located?

A

In the spaces between the metatarsal bones.

41
Q

What are the actions of the interossei?

A
  • Palmar adduct (PAD)

- Dorsal abduct (DAB)

42
Q

Where is the axis along which interossei adduct/abduct?

A

Along the 2nd toe.

43
Q

Which nerves supply the intrinsic muscles of the foot? (2)

A
  • Medial and lateral plantar nerves (all other intrinsic muscles)
  • Deep fibular nerve (EDB & EHB - dorsal foot)
44
Q

What is the innervation to the skin on the plantar aspect of the foot?

A
  • Medial calcaneal nerve (heel)
  • Sural nerve (lat edge of heel)
  • Saphenous nerve (small area of med foot)
  • Medial planter nerve (med foot)
  • Lateral plantar nerve (lat foot)
45
Q

What nerve are the medial calcaneal, medial plantar and lateral plantar nerves all branches of?

A

Tibial nerve.

46
Q

What nerve is the saphenous nerve a branch of?

A

Femoral nerve.

47
Q

What nerves is the sural nerve formed by?

A

Tibial and common fibular nerves.

48
Q

Which arteries supply the sole of the foot? (2)

A
  • Posterior tibial artery

- Dorsalis pedis artery

49
Q

What is the path of the posterior tibial artery in the foot?

A

Enters the sole and bifurcates.
» med plantar artery (deep to adductor hallucis)
» lat plantar artery (joins with terminal dorsalis pedis artery&raquo_space; deep plantar arch)

50
Q

What is the path of the dorsalis pedis artery in the foot?

A

Enters dorsal foot and travels inferiorly as deep plantar artery. Joins deep plantar arch in sole.
Branches; tarsal arteries, arcuate artery, 1st dorsal metatarsal artery

51
Q

Which arteries form the deep plantar arch?

A

Lateral plantar artery, which anastomoses with the dorsalis pedis artery via the deep plantar artery.

52
Q

What is the dorsalis pedis artery a continuation of?

A

Anterior tibial artery.

53
Q

What are the main functions of the arches of the foot?

A
  • Distribute weight

- Give the foot resilience

54
Q

When do the arches of the foot develop?

A

Present from birth.

55
Q

What vein passes anterior to the medial malleolus?

A

Great saphenous vein.

56
Q

Is eversion of the foot increased by plantarflexion?

A

No.

57
Q

Which muscles produce inversion of the foot?

A
  • Tibilias anterior

- Posterior compartment muscles

58
Q

Tension in which ligament limits eversion?

A

Tension in the deltoid (medial) ligament.

59
Q

Which movement involves the toes pointing towards the head?

A

Dorsiflexion.

60
Q

What is another name for the sole of the foot?

A

Plantar aspect.

Yr 2 Movement - term 2 and 3 (13 decks)

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