Workbook - Posterior thigh and popliteal fossa Flashcards
What does the femur articulate with proximally?
Acetabulum of the hip bone.
What does the femur articulate with distally?
Tibia.
What attaches the proximal head of the femur to the shaft?
The neck of the femur.
What are the linea aspera?
A pair of longitudinal ridges on the dorsal shaft of the femur.
-attachment sites for thigh muscles
What are the thigh muscles surrounded by?
Fascia lata.
-layer of deep fascia
How does the fascia lata divide the thigh?
Forms 3 intermuscular septa that attach to the linea aspera of the femur»_space; divide the thigh muscles into 3 compartments.
What are the 3 compartments of the thigh muscles?
- Anterior extensor
- Posterior flexor
- Medial adductor
What nerve supplies the anterior extensor compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve.
What nerve supplies the posterior flexor compartment of the thigh?
Sciatic nerve.
What nerve supplies the medial adductor compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve.
What muscles make up the hamstrings? (3)
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
- Biceps femoris (long head)
- Adductor magnus (hamstring part)
What is the common proximal attachment of the hamstring muscles?
Ischial tuberosity.
What is the common innervation of the hamstring muscles?
Tibial division of the sciatic nerve.
Why is the short head of biceps femoris not considered as one of the hamstring muscles?
Does not share the common proximal attachment or innervation.
(prox attachment = lat lip of linea aspera, innervation = sciatic nerve)
What is unusual about the hamstring part of adductor magnus?
It is considered part of the hamstrings despite being in the medial compartment, not the posterior compartment.
Where does the sciatic nerve divide?
Posterior thigh, proximal to the knee.
What does the sciatic nerve divide into?
- Tibial nerve
- Common fibular (peroneal) nerve
What path do the tibial and common fibular nerves take?
Common fibular nerve deviates laterally, tibial nerve continues down midline.
-both enter popliteal fossa
What does the tibial nerve supply?
- Post compartment of thigh muscles (except short head of biceps femoris)
- Post compartment of leg muscles
- Intrinsic muscles in sole of foot (except 1st 2 dorsal interossei)
- Skin on lower 1/2 post leg, med ankle and sole of foot
What does the common fibular nerve supply?
- Lateral compartment of leg (superficial branch)
- Anterior compartment of leg (deep branch)
- 1st 2 dorsal interossei
- Skin on lat leg, ankle and dorsal foot
Where is the popliteal fossa?
Posterior knee.
-diamond shaped depression
What forms the superior margins of the popliteal fossa?
MEDIAL - semitendinosus and semimembranosus
LATERAL - biceps femoris
What forms the inferior margins of the popliteal fossa?
Gastrocnemius and plantaris.
- MEDIAL - med head of gastrocnemius
- LATERAL - lat head of gastrocnemius & plantaris
What structures form the floor of the popliteal fossa? (3)
- Caspule of knee joint
- Adjacent surfaces of femur and tibia
- Popliteus muscle
What structures form the roof of the popliteal fossa?
-Deep fascia
-small saphenous vein in superficial fascia
Summarise the boundaries of the popliteal fossa.
SUPEROMEDIAL - semitendinosus & semimembranosus
SUPEROLATERAL - biceps femoris
INFEROMEDIAL - medial head of gastrocnemius
INFEROLATERAL - lateral head of gastroccnemius & plantaris
FLOOR - knee capsule & popliteus
ROOF - deep fascia
What are the sub-compartments of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Superficial and deep sub-compartments.
-divided by transverse intermuscular septum
Which muscles function as a flexor of the knee as well as a plantarflexor of the ankle? (2)
- Gastrocnemius
- Plantaris
When does the femoral artery become the popliteal fossa?
As it exits the adductor hiatus into the popliteal fossa.
What nerve wraps around the neck of the fibula?
Common fibular nerve.
Where is the sciatic nerve formed?
In the pelvic cavity/lower back.
What nerve supplies all muscles in the foot and leg?
Sciatic nerve (and its branches).
What root value does the sciatic nerve have?
L4-S3.
How does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis?
Through the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis.
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
- Popliteal artery
- Politeal vein
- Tibial nerve
- Common fibular nerve
What is the smaller division of the sciatic nerve?
Common fibular nerve.
What is the most superficial structure in the popliteal fossa?
Tibial nerve.
What nerve roots is the tibial nerve formed by?
L4-S3.
