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Yr 2 Movement - term 2 and 3 > Workbook - Living anatomy > Flashcards

Workbook - Living anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the round shape of the gluteal region mainly due to?

A

Gluteus maximus.

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2
Q

What marks the inferior border of the gluteus maximus?

A

The gluteal fold.

-transition between gluteal region and posterior thigh

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3
Q

Which muscles contribute to the quadriceps? (4)

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus intermedius
  • Vastus medialis
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4
Q

Which of the quadriceps muscles in not visible on the anterior surface of the thigh?

A

Vastus intermedius.

-beneath rectus femoris

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5
Q

What is the most prominent bony feature of the pelvic girdle?

A

The iliac crest.

-from ASIS to PSIS

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6
Q

Why is the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) often difficult to palpate?

A

Normally covered by fat.

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7
Q

What are the skin dimples lateral to the midline on the back caused by?

A

Attachment of overlying fascia to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS).
-can be used to locate it

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8
Q

What does the line joining the dimples on the lower back pass through? (3)

A
  • S2 spinous processes
  • Middle of the sacroiliac joints
  • Bifurcation of the iliac arteries
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9
Q

What structure within the vertebral canal terminates at S1-2?

A

The dural sac.

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10
Q

What is the line joining the highest points of the iliac crests called, and what does it pass through?

A

Supracristal plane.

-intervertebral disc between L4/L5

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11
Q

What clinical procedure is the supracristal plane used as a landmark for?

A

Epidural.

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12
Q

Where is the tibia particularly prominent?

A

On the anteromedial surface.

-covered only skin and thin layer of fat

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13
Q

Which bone in the leg is palpable along its whole course?

A

The tibia.

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14
Q

Where is the fibula palpable?

A

Proximal and distal ends.

-head and lateral malleolus

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15
Q

What is the femoral artery often used for clinically?

A
  • Access to arterial system (radiologists)
  • Insert catheters/stents
  • Angiograms
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16
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A 
SUPERIOR - inguinal ligament
LATERAL - sartorius (med border)
MEDIAL - adductor longus (med border)
FLOOR - pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus
ROOF - fascia lata
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17
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Med&raquo_space; lat:

  • Femoral canal (lymphatics)
  • Femoral vein
  • Femoral artery
  • Femoral nerve
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18
Q

What are contained within the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral artery, vein and lymphatics.

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19
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

SUPEROMEDIAL - semimembranosus & semitendinosus
SUPEROLATERAL - biceps femoris
INFERIOR - lat/med heads of gastrocnemius

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20
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Med&raquo_space; lat:

  • Popliteal artery
  • Popliteal vein
  • Tibial nerve (»down midline)
  • Common fibular nerve (» laterally)
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21
Q

Which nerve passes around the head of the fibula?

A

Common fibular nerve.

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22
Q

What are the important pulse points in the lower limb? (4)

A
  • Femoral pulse
  • Popliteal pulse
  • Posterior tibial pulse
  • Dorsalis pedis pulse
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23
Q

Where is the femoral pulse palpated?

A

Halfway between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle.

-just inferior to inguinal ligament

24
Q

Where is the popliteal pulse palpated, and why is it difficult?

A

In the popliteal fossa.

  • difficult as it’s the deepest structure
  • knee should be flexed with foot resting to relax hamstrings
25
Q

Where is the posterior tibial pulse palpated?

A

Posterior to the medial malleolus.

26
Q

Where is the dorsalis pedis pulse palpated?

A

Lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus.

27
Q

Why might it be necessary to palpate all the pulse points of the lower limb?

A

Check for differences.

-e.g. due to thrombosis/embolism

28
Q

Where do the superficial veins of the lower limb originate?

A

Dorsal venous arch of the foot.

29
Q

What are the superficial veins of the lower limb? (2)

A
  • Great saphenous vein

- Small saphenous vein

30
Q

What does the great saphenous vein originate from?

A

Dorsal venous arch and dorsal vein of great toe.

31
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein run?

A

Medial leg.

32
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein drain?

A

Femoral vein.

-inferior to the inguinal ligament

33
Q

What does the small saphenous vein originate from?

A

Dorsal venous arch and dorsal vein of the little toe.

34
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein run?

A

Posterior leg.

-between 2 heads of gastrocnemius

35
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein drain?

A

Popliteal vein.

-in the popliteal fossa

36
Q

What causes varicose veins?

A

Damaged valves&raquo_space; blood flows backwards and collects in veins.

37
Q

What are the main risk factors for varicose veins?

A

Pregnancy
Overweight
Old age

38
Q

Where is the best place to test L3 dermatome?

A

Medial epicondyle of femur (knee).

39
Q

Where is the best place to test L5 dermatome?

A

Great toe.

40
Q

How would you test mainly for the L3 and L4 myotomes?

A

Knee extension.

41
Q

How would you test for the S1 and S2 myotomes?

A

Plantarflexion.

42
Q

How do you elicit a knee reflex, and what vertebrae levels are tested?

A

Patient sits down with leg dangling (knee flexed with weight supported).
» patella ligament tapped with hammer, halfway between patella and tibial tuberosity
» knee extension
-vertebrae levels L2-4 are tested

43
Q

How do you elicit an ankle reflex, and what vertebrae levels are tested?

A

Push the foot into dorsiflexed position.
» tap calcaneal tendon superior to its insertion on calcaneal bone
» plantarflexion
-vertebrae levels S1-2 are tested

44
Q

What myotomes are tested by hip extension?

A

L4, L5.

45
Q

What myotomes are tested by hip flexion?

A

L2, L3.

46
Q

What myotomes are tested by lateral rotation of the hip?

A

L5, S1.

47
Q

What myotomes are tested by medial rotation of the hip?

A

L1, L2, L3.

48
Q

What myotomes are tested by hip adduction?

A

L1, L2, L3, L4.

49
Q

What myotomes are tested by hip abduction?

A

L5, S1.

50
Q

What myotomes are tested by knee flexion?

A

L5, S1.

51
Q

What myotomes are tested by knee extension?

A

L3, L4.

52
Q

What myotomes are tested by ankle dorsiflexion?

A

L4, L5.

53
Q

What myotomes are tested by ankle plantarflexion?

A

S1, S2.

54
Q

What myotomes are tested by foot dorsiflexion?

A

L5, S1.

55
Q

What myotomes are tested by foot plantarflexion?

A

S1, S2.

56
Q

What myotomes are tested by foot inversion?

A

L4, L5.

57
Q

What myotomes are tested by foot eversion?

A

L5, S1.

Yr 2 Movement - term 2 and 3 (13 decks)

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