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Yr 2 Movement - term 2 and 3 > Workbook - The gluteal region and hip joint > Flashcards

Workbook - The gluteal region and hip joint Flashcards

1
Q

Which bones form the pelvic girdle? (3)

A
  • 2 hip bones

- Sacrum

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2
Q

What is another name for the hip bone?

A

Innominate bone.

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3
Q

What are the articulations within the pelvic girdle?

A
  • Sacroiliac joints (posteriorly, between sacrum and hip bone)
  • Pubic symphysis (anteriorly, between 2 hip bones)
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4
Q

What parts is each innominate bone derived from as it develops? (3)

A
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubic
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5
Q

What is the point where the ilium, the ischium and the pubic bones fuse?

A

The acetabulum.

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6
Q

What are the main differences between the male and female pelvis?

A
  • PEVLIC INLET - heart shaped in males
  • circular in females (less distinct promontory)
  • ANGLE FORMED BY PUBIC ARCH ARMS - smaller in males (50-60) than females (80-85)
  • ISCHIAL SPINES - project further medially into pelvic cavity in males
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7
Q

Why does the pelvis differ between males and females?

A

Mainly due to childbirth.

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8
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

2* cartilaginous joint.

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9
Q

What are the main functions of the pelvis? (4)

A
  • Contains and protects organs
  • Weight bearing for upper skeleton
  • Root of external genitalia are anchored to it
  • Attachment for muscles
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10
Q

Which ligament strengthen the pelvic girdle? (2)

A
  • Sacrotuberous ligament

- Sacrospinous ligament

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11
Q

What does the sacrospinous ligament run between?

A

Sacrum and ischial spine.

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12
Q

What does the sacrotuberous ligament run between?

A

Sacrum and ischial tuberosity.

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13
Q

What do the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments convert the greater and lesser sciatic notches into?

A

Greater and lesser sciatic foramen.

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14
Q

Which bones form the hip joint? (2)

A
  • Hip (innominate) bone

- Head of the femur

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15
Q

What movements are possible are the hip joint? (4)

A
  • Flexion/extension
  • Abduction/adduction
  • Medial and lateral rotation
  • Circumduction
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16
Q

What structures stabilise the hip joint? (5)

A
  • Acetabulum anatomy (encompasses femur)
  • Hyaline cartilage (cover femur head)
  • Transverse acetabular ligament
  • Articular fibrous capsule
  • Ligaments
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17
Q

Where is the hyaline cartilage of the hip joint broadest?

A

Superiorly.

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18
Q

Which ligaments help to stabilise the hip joint?

A
  • ILIOFEMORAL ligament (sup/ant. Strongest, prevent hyperextension)
  • PUBOFEMORAL ligament (inf/ant. Prevents excessive abduction)
  • ISCHIOFEMORAL ligament (post. Weakest)
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19
Q

What are the main muscles at the hip joint? (3)

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
20
Q

What is the iliotibial tract?

A

Lateral thickening of fascia lata into a longitudinal band.

-descends along lateral leg from tubercle of iliac crest to bony attachment below knee

21
Q

What is the function of the iliotibial tract?

A
  • Holds the leg in extension at knee

- Stabilises hip joint&raquo_space; prevents lateral displacement of femur

22
Q

What are the main abductors at the hip? (2)

A

Gluteus medius and minimus.

23
Q

What muscles lies deep to gluteus maximus?

A

Piriformis.

24
Q

How does piriformis exit the pelvis to enter the gluteal region?

A

Through the greater sciatic foramen.

-crosses post/sup hip joint

25
Q

Which nerve emerges from the lower border of piriformis?

A

Sciatic nerve.

26
Q

Where is a safe area for intermuscular injection in the gluteal region? What structure must be avoided?

A

Upper outer quadrant of gluteal region.

-must avoid sciatic nerve

27
Q

Why is piriformis a key reference point?

A

For identification of vessels and nerves which pass through the greater sciatic foramen.

28
Q

What structures leave the greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis? (3)

A
  • Superior gluteal nerve
  • Superior gluteal artery
  • Superior gluteal vein
29
Q

What structures leave the greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis? (8)

A
  • Inferior gluteal nerves
  • Inferior gluteal artery
  • Inferior gluteal vein
  • Sciatic nerve
  • Pudendal nerve
  • Post femoral cutaneous nerves
  • Nerve to obturator internus
  • Nerve to quadratus femoris
30
Q

What structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen? (4)

A
  • Tendon of obturator internus
  • Pudendal nerve
  • Internal pudendal vessels
  • Nerve to obturator internus
31
Q

What is significant about the pudendal nerve?

A

Passes through greater sciatic foramen first and then through the lesser sciatic foramen.

32
Q

What muscles are in close proximity to the sciatic nerve in the posterior thigh? (4)

A
  • Obturator internus
  • Superior gemellus
  • Inferior gemellus
  • Quadratus femoris
33
Q

What is the common distal attachment of piriformis, obturator internus and the gemelli?

A

Greater trochanter of femur.

34
Q

What are the common actions of piriformis, obturator internus and the gemelli?

A
  • Lateral rotation of extended hip

- Abduction of flexed hip

35
Q

What is the major blood supply to the thigh?

A

Femoral artery.

36
Q

What is the femoral artery a continuation of?

A

External iliac artery.

37
Q

Where does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

A

As it passes under the inguinal ligament into the femoral triangle.

38
Q

What does the femoral artery supply?

A

Most of thigh and all of leg.

39
Q

How many gluteal arteries are there?

A

Two.

  • superior (from post trunk of internal iliac)
  • inferior (from ant trunk of internal iliac)
40
Q

Where do the gluteal arteries originate, and from what?

A

In the pelvic cavity.

-branches of internal iliac artery

41
Q

How does the superior gluteal artery leave the pelvic cavity?

A

Through the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis with superior gluteal nerve.

42
Q

What does the superior gluteal artery divide into in the gluteal region, and where do these branches go?

A

Superficial branch&raquo_space; deep surface of gluteus maximus

Deep branch&raquo_space; passes between gluteus medius and minimus

43
Q

How does the inferior gluteal artery leave the pelvic cavity?

A

Through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis with inferior gluteal nerve.

44
Q

Where does the inferior gluteal artery go, and what does it supply?

A

Descends into posterior thigh and anastomoses with perforating branches of femoral artery.
-supplies a branch of the sciatic nerve

45
Q

What is the obturator artery a branch of?

A

Internal iliac artery.

46
Q

Where is the obturator artery located?

A

Passes through the obturator canal to the medial thigh.

Yr 2 Movement - term 2 and 3 (13 decks)

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