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Women's & Men's Health Flashcards

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1
Q

what 3 hormones are secreted by the ovaries?

A

estrogen
progesterone
inhibin

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2
Q

what 2 hormones are released by the testes?

A

testosterone
inhibin

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3
Q

what hormone does the hypothalamus release?

A

GnRH

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4
Q

what hormones does the anterior pituitary release?

A

FSH
LH

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5
Q

in the menstrual cycle, what is the follicular phase also called?

A

proliferative phase

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6
Q

in the menstrual cycle, what is the luteal phase also called?

A

secretory phase

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7
Q

what days of the menstrual cycle does the period occur?

A

days 1-7

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8
Q

what days of the menstrual cycle does the proliferative phase occur?

A

days 7-13

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9
Q

what day in the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

A

day 14

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10
Q

which hormone is highest during the follicular phase?

A

estrogen

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11
Q

which hormone is highest during the luteal phase?

A

progesterone

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12
Q

which hormone triggers ovulation?

A

LH

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13
Q

abnormality in the gland itself

A

primary

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14
Q

abnormality in the stimulation of the pituitary that leads to no FSH or LH

A

secondary

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15
Q

abnormality in stimulation from the hypothalamus that leads to no GnRH

A

tertiary

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16
Q

what is the rate at which andropause occurs?

A

gradual

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17
Q

what is the rate at which menopause occurs?

A

rapid

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18
Q

condition that is characteristic of excess androgen (testosterone)

A

hyperandrogenism

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19
Q

condition characterized by the presence of excess terminal hair in androgen-dependent areas (face)

A

hirsutism

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20
Q

what is the most common cause of hirsutism?

A

familial or idiopathic

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21
Q

condition that presents as loss of female sexual characteristics

A

virilization

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22
Q

condition of diminished functional activity of the gonads

A

hypogonadism

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23
Q

what does low estrogen effect in females?

A

ovulation

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24
Q

what does low testosterone effect?

A

spermatogenesis

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25
what is the most common cause of hypogonadism in women?
menopause
26
what is the most common genetic cause of hypogonadism in women and men, respectively?
women - turner syndrome men - klinefelter syndrome (XXY genotype)
27
what lab tests can be drawn to check for hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and virilization?
testosterone DHEAS
28
what lab test can be checked for hypogonadism?
prolactin
29
what are clinical signs of hypogonadism in males? (2)
decreased testicle size decreased sperm count
30
absence or abnormal cessation of the menses
amenorrhea
31
what are 3 causes of secondary amenorrhea?
pregnancy lactation menopause
32
the consistent inability to achieve and maintain a penile erection for sexual intercourse over 3 months
erectile dysfunction
33
what is erectile dysfunction also known as?
impotence
34
what are 2 ways to manage erectile dysfunction?
hormone replacement therapy medications to increase blood flow
35
what is the most common hormone disorder among women of reproductive age?
PCOS
36
a condition that has high levels of androgens (testosterone or DHEA) that disrupts ovulation
PCOS
37
enlargement of the breast tissue in men
gynecomastia
38
when should we consider breast cancer in men with gynecomastia?
nipple drainage presence
39
what 2 levels can be tested in gynecomastia?
testosterone estrogen
40
the most potent/active form of the hormone estrogen, is the most tested, and primarily produced by the ovaries
E2
41
what is the major role of estradiol 2?
sexual function
42
when should I test estradiol 2 levels?
near ovulation
43
hormone produced and stored in the anterior pituitary that increases with age and helps differentiate between primary and secondary deficiency
FSH
44
what is the major role of FSH in females? (2)
stimulates ovarian follicles to produce eggs controls menstrual cycle
45
what is the major role of FSH in males? (2)
produces and transports sperm determines sperm count
46
what day of the menstrual cycle should FSH be tested
day 3
47
hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that increases with age, and is used to determine ovulation and infertility
LH
48
what is LH major role in females?
controls menstrual cycle triggers ovulation
49
what is LH major role in males? (2)
stimulates testosterone stimulates sperm production
50
what is the best time in the menstrual cycle to test LH levels?
midcycle / ovulation / day 14
51
hormone produced by gonads and adrenals, and is used to confirm ovulation, evaluate corpus luteum function, and assess risk for spontaneous abortion
progesterone
52
what is progesterone's major role in females? (2)
prepares body for pregnancy promotes sex drive
53
what is progesterone's major role in males?
helps produce testosterone promotes sex drive
54
what day in the menstrual cycle should progesterone levels be checked?
day 21 (midluteal)
55
what hormone is used to evaluate fertility and levels depend on circadian changes
prolactin
56
what is prolactin's major role in females?
initiates/maintains lactation
57
what do prolactin levels depend on?
estrogen levels
58
when is the best time to check prolactin levels?
early morning
59
hormone produced by the gonads and adrenals, and exists in circulation as bound or free
testosterone
60
what is testosterone's major role in males?
develops male sex characteristics promotes libido
61
when is the best time to check for testosterone levels?
early morning
62
hormone that stimulates childbirth and promotes bonding between mother and baby
oxytocin
63
hormone that regulates FSH and LH levels, controlling hormone balance
inhibin

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