Women's & Men's Health Flashcards
what 3 hormones are secreted by the ovaries?
estrogen
progesterone
inhibin
what 2 hormones are released by the testes?
testosterone
inhibin
what hormone does the hypothalamus release?
GnRH
what hormones does the anterior pituitary release?
FSH
LH
in the menstrual cycle, what is the follicular phase also called?
proliferative phase
in the menstrual cycle, what is the luteal phase also called?
secretory phase
what days of the menstrual cycle does the period occur?
days 1-7
what days of the menstrual cycle does the proliferative phase occur?
days 7-13
what day in the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?
day 14
which hormone is highest during the follicular phase?
estrogen
which hormone is highest during the luteal phase?
progesterone
which hormone triggers ovulation?
LH
abnormality in the gland itself
primary
abnormality in the stimulation of the pituitary that leads to no FSH or LH
secondary
abnormality in stimulation from the hypothalamus that leads to no GnRH
tertiary
what is the rate at which andropause occurs?
gradual
what is the rate at which menopause occurs?
rapid
condition that is characteristic of excess androgen (testosterone)
hyperandrogenism
condition characterized by the presence of excess terminal hair in androgen-dependent areas (face)
hirsutism
what is the most common cause of hirsutism?
familial or idiopathic
condition that presents as loss of female sexual characteristics
virilization
condition of diminished functional activity of the gonads
hypogonadism
what does low estrogen effect in females?
ovulation
what does low testosterone effect?
spermatogenesis
what is the most common cause of hypogonadism in women?
menopause
what is the most common genetic cause of hypogonadism in women and men, respectively?
women - turner syndrome
men - klinefelter syndrome (XXY genotype)
what lab tests can be drawn to check for hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and virilization?
testosterone
DHEAS
what lab test can be checked for hypogonadism?
prolactin
what are clinical signs of hypogonadism in males? (2)
decreased testicle size
decreased sperm count
absence or abnormal cessation of the menses
amenorrhea
what are 3 causes of secondary amenorrhea?
pregnancy
lactation
menopause
the consistent inability to achieve and maintain a penile erection for sexual intercourse over 3 months
erectile dysfunction
what is erectile dysfunction also known as?
impotence
what are 2 ways to manage erectile dysfunction?
hormone replacement therapy
medications to increase blood flow
what is the most common hormone disorder among women of reproductive age?
PCOS
a condition that has high levels of androgens (testosterone or DHEA) that disrupts ovulation
PCOS
enlargement of the breast tissue in men
gynecomastia
when should we consider breast cancer in men with gynecomastia?
nipple drainage presence
what 2 levels can be tested in gynecomastia?
testosterone
estrogen
the most potent/active form of the hormone estrogen, is the most tested, and primarily produced by the ovaries
E2
what is the major role of estradiol 2?
sexual function
when should I test estradiol 2 levels?
near ovulation
hormone produced and stored in the anterior pituitary that increases with age and helps differentiate between primary and secondary deficiency
FSH
what is the major role of FSH in females? (2)
stimulates ovarian follicles to produce eggs
controls menstrual cycle
what is the major role of FSH in males? (2)
produces and transports sperm
determines sperm count
what day of the menstrual cycle should FSH be tested
day 3
hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that increases with age, and is used to determine ovulation and infertility
LH
what is LH major role in females?
controls menstrual cycle
triggers ovulation
what is LH major role in males? (2)
stimulates testosterone
stimulates sperm production
what is the best time in the menstrual cycle to test LH levels?
midcycle / ovulation / day 14
hormone produced by gonads and adrenals, and is used to confirm ovulation, evaluate corpus luteum function, and assess risk for spontaneous abortion
progesterone
what is progesterone’s major role in females? (2)
prepares body for pregnancy
promotes sex drive
what is progesterone’s major role in males?
helps produce testosterone
promotes sex drive
what day in the menstrual cycle should progesterone levels be checked?
day 21 (midluteal)
what hormone is used to evaluate fertility and levels depend on circadian changes
prolactin
what is prolactin’s major role in females?
initiates/maintains lactation
what do prolactin levels depend on?
estrogen levels
when is the best time to check prolactin levels?
early morning
hormone produced by the gonads and adrenals, and exists in circulation as bound or free
testosterone
what is testosterone’s major role in males?
develops male sex characteristics
promotes libido
when is the best time to check for testosterone levels?
early morning
hormone that stimulates childbirth and promotes bonding between mother and baby
oxytocin
hormone that regulates FSH and LH levels, controlling hormone balance
inhibin
