Fundamentals Flashcards
tests that anyone can perform as long as they follow the instructions
waived (simple) complexity
moderate complexity and high complexity tests require _____
interpretation
testing in which a physician can perform interpretation in office
provider performed microscopy
in provider performed microscopy, the specimen is _____ and ____ is limited
labile; handling
70% of clinical diagnoses are based on what?
laboratory results
testing for disease without the presence of symptoms
screening
what gives the results in laboratory testing?
absorption of light
factors that affect lab results can be ______ or ______
physiological; procedural
what puts the patient at immediate risk for morbidity?
critical/panic values
data that is based on numbers
quantitative data
data that is based on observations
qualitative data
what is an example of a test that give qualitative data?
pregnancy test
reference ranges differ based on: (2)
- instrumentation
- local population
how close a result is to the true value
accuracy
how close repeated measurements are to the true value
precision
ability of the test to identify positive results in patients who actually have the disease
sensitivity
high sensitivity tests are most commonly used in what kind of tests?
screening tests
the percent of negative results in people without the disease
specificity
high specificity tests are most commonly used in what kind of tests?
confirmatory tests
what is used to assess a test’s reliability?
predictive value
what does the predictive value of a positive test tell me?
the probability that a patient with a positive test actually has the disease
what does the predictive value of a negative test tell me?
the probability that a patient with a negative test does not have the disease
errors that occur before laboratory testing
pre-analytical errors
errors that occur at the time of testing
analytical errors
errors that occur after laboratory testing has been done
post-analytical errors
which type of laboratory error is most common?
preanalytical error
what kind of blood sample is used for tests when serum, plasma, or buffy coat is needed?
venous
what kind of blood sample is used for analysis of blood gas values?
arterial
what kind of blood sample is used when venipuncture is difficult or less blood is required?
capillary
what is the order of the collection tube chart?
light blue
dark blue
red
gold
light green
green
lavender
pink
dark blue
white/yellow/gray
what is the liquid portion of a centrifuged tube?
plasma
what is contained in the buffy coat?
platelets and WBCs
what is the fluid called that is collected in a tube with an anticoagulant and clotting factors remain in the blood?
plasma
what is the fluid called in which the blood clots, and the blood loses its clotting factors?
serum
samples should be analyzed within ___ hours of collection
24
in a blood sample, we must remove the ____ or ____ from the cells
plasma; serum
what can be freezed? (2)
- serum
- plasma
