Medical Toxicology

Question 1

what is the most common cause of poisoning among adults?

Answer 1

opioid overdose

Question 2

branch of toxicology that does therapeutic drug monitoring, and emergency toxicology

Answer 2

medical toxicology

Question 3

which branch of toxicology is patient consent not required?

Answer 3

medical toxicology

Question 4

branch of toxicology that does performance testing, workplace drug testing, and postmortem drug analysis

Answer 4

forensic toxicology

Question 5

in which branch of toxicology does the subject have to consent to be tested?

Answer 5

forensic toxicology

Question 6

in which branch of toxicology is the identity of the specimen presumed?

Answer 6

medical toxicology

Question 7

in which branch of toxicology must the identity of the specimen be proven?

Answer 7

forensic toxicology

Question 8

the material may be fatal if it comes in contact with the skin, is inhaled, or ingested

Answer 8

acute toxicity

Question 9

what is the most common metallic poisoning in children younger than 6 years?

Answer 9

iron

Question 10

a patient presents with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, metabolic acidosis, sepsis, shock, drowsiness, coma, respiratory failure, and hepato/nephrotoxicity. what are they likely experiencing?

Answer 10

iron poisoning

Question 11

what is a complication of iron poisoning?

Answer 11

GI corrosive damage

Question 12

what is the cause of an iron overdose in adults?

Answer 12

suicide attempt

Question 13

what is the treatment of an iron overdose?

Answer 13

deferoxamine (chelation therapy)

Question 14

what is the most common adverse effect of taking iron?

Answer 14

constipation

Question 15

what should be given with an iron prescription?

Answer 15

stool softener

Question 16

what is the most important environmental health problem for children younger than 6 years?

Answer 16

lead poisoning

Question 17

a patient presents with developmental/learning delays, irritability, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, and pica. what are they experiencing?

Answer 17

lead poisoning

Question 18

what is the complication of lead poisoning?

Answer 18

slow absorption

Question 19

what is the most serious metallic poisoning?

Answer 19

lead

Question 20

when are kids screened for lead?

Answer 20

1 and 2 years old

Question 21

what is the treatment for lead poisoning?

Answer 21

chelation therapy

Question 22

binds to protein sulfhydryl groups and the inorganic compounds it contains is highly toxic and linked to cancer

Answer 22

arsenic

Question 23

substance that is dubbed “inheritance powder”

Answer 23

arsenic

Question 24

where is the highest concentration of arsenic located?

Answer 24

in seafood and contaminated water

Question 25

what 3 specimen are used to test for arsenic?

Answer 25

urine hair nails

Question 26

what is the treatment for arsenic poisoning?

Answer 26

chelation therapy

Question 27

what is the most common cause of gaseous poisoning?

Answer 27

carbon monoxide

Question 28

substance that is colorless, tasteless, and non-irritating

Answer 28

carbon monoxide

Question 29

substance that replaces O2 in Hb and may bind to myoglobin and other heme containing enzymes

Answer 29

carbon monoxide

Question 30

what are the 2 primary toxic effects of carbon monoxide?

Answer 30

cellular hypoxia anoxia

Question 31

a patient presents with cyanosis, hyperventilation, increased heart rate, decreased mental status. what are the experiencing?

Answer 31

carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 32

what happens to the patient if there is 60-70% saturation of carboxyhemoglobin?

Answer 32

patient is comatose

Question 33

what happens to the patient if there is 70-80% saturation of carboxyhemoglobin?

Answer 33

respiratory failure and death

Question 34

what is the treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 34

100% O2 to increase PO2 and displace CO from Hgb

Question 35

what is the specimen of choice to test for carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 35

whole blood (okay if clotted)

Question 36

CNS depressant that is the #1 date rape drug

Answer 36

alcohol

Question 37

what is the most commonly abused drug?

Answer 37

alcohol

Question 38

what should we worry about during a detox of alcohol?

Answer 38

seizures

Question 39

% ethanol equation

Answer 39

proof / 2

Question 40

what are the signs and symptoms of alcohol overdose?

Answer 40

Mental confusion Unresponsive Snoring Throwing up Hypothermia Erratic breathing Loss of consciousness Paleness of skin

Question 41

what 3 specimens can be used for an alcohol assay?

Answer 41

serum plasma whole blood

Question 42

what is the ideal method of an alcohol assay?

Answer 42

gas chromatography

Question 43

what should be avoided when getting a blood sample of an alcohol assay?

Answer 43

alcohol wipes

Question 44

alcohol assay that is used to monitor an alcoholic's long-term compliance

Answer 44

GGT

Question 45

alcohol assay that is converted to blood alcohol concentration

Answer 45

breathalyzer

Question 46

strong minerals that produce chemical burn on contact and do not vaporize quickly

Answer 46

acids and bases

Question 47

where does acid ingestion cause superficial necrosis?

Answer 47

esophagus

Question 48

why is the esophagus epithelium resistant to acid?

Answer 48

has slightly alkaline pH

Question 49

what is the site of major injuries of acid ingestion?

Answer 49

stomach

Question 50

why is the stomach the site of major injury in acid ingestions?

Answer 50

gastric juices cannot neutralize acids

Question 51

where are the 2 sites of major injury for alkali ingestion?

Answer 51

esophagus oropharynx

Question 52

what type of ingestion produces deep tissue injuries?

Answer 52

alkali ingestion

Question 53

what is the management for aspirin toxicity?

Answer 53

correct metabolic acidosis

Question 54

when can activated charcoal be used in aspirin toxicity?

Answer 54

if exposure occurred less than 1 hour ago

Question 55

what is the treatment for acetaminophen toxicity?

Answer 55

mucomyst (n-acetylcysteine)

Question 56

what is the 2nd most common cause of liver failure, requiring transplantation?

Answer 56

acetaminophen toxicity

Question 57

a patient presents with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. what are they likely experiencing?

Answer 57

acetaminophen poisoning

Question 58

what would liver enzymes look like 24-48 hours after an acetaminophen poisoning?

Answer 58

elevated

Question 59

what occurs 3-5 days after an acetaminophen poisoning? (3)

Answer 59

liver failure, coma, and death

Question 60

when is therapeutic drug monitoring useful? (2)

Answer 60

drugs with narrow TI drugs taken on chronic basis

Question 61

what the body does to the drug

Answer 61

pharmacokinetics

Question 62

what occurs to the drug if pH > pK?

Answer 62

reabsorbed

Question 63

what occurs to the drug if pH < pK?

Answer 63

excreted