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Lab Med > Lipid Panel > Flashcards

Lipid Panel Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 major plasma lipids?

A
  1. phospholipid
  2. triglyceride
  3. cholesterol
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2
Q

triglycerides and cholesterol are packed with proteins to form _____

A

lipoproteins

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3
Q

where does the majority of elevated cholesterol come from?

A

body (endogenous)

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4
Q

what kind of system does the liver have with cholesterol?

A

negative feedback system

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5
Q

what can long-term hypercholesterolemia lead to?

A

atherosclerosis

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6
Q

where does the majority of triglycerides come from?

A

diet

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7
Q

how is VLDL calculated?

A

TG/5

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8
Q

what equation helps to calculate LDL?

A

LDL-cholesterol = Total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - (TG/5)

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9
Q

what is the optimal specimen for a lipid panel?

A

serum/plasma (EDTA, Heparin)

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10
Q

what is the fasting rule for a lipid panel?

A

12-15 hours

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11
Q

our body uses cholesterol to make _____

A

vitamin D

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12
Q

what is cholesterol essential for? (3)

A
  1. synthesize bile acids
  2. steroid hormones
  3. cell membrane structure
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13
Q

what digests triglycerides? (2)

A
  1. pancreatic lipases
  2. intestinal lipases
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14
Q

triglycerides combine with cholesterol and apolipoproteins for form what?

A

chylomicrons

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15
Q

large lipoproteins that show lipemic state

A

chylomicrons

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16
Q

in a nonfasting state, where are most TG found?

A

in chylomicrons

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17
Q

in a fasting state, where is most TG found?

A

VLDL

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18
Q

lipoprotein that is synthesized in the intestinal enterocytes that is released into lymph and slowly into the bloodstream after a meal

A

chylomicrons

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19
Q

what is the main function of chylomicrons?

A

transport dietary TGs to peripheral tissues and the liver

20
Q

what gives serum its lipemic appearance in non-fasting/abnormal levels?

A

chylomicrons

21
Q

high levels of _____ can contribute to acute pancreatitis

A

triglycerides / chylomicrons

22
Q

lipoprotein that moves cholesterol, triglycerides and other lipids in the body that is considered “bad” cholesterol

A

VLDL

23
Q

VLDL contains the largest protein in the human body. what is it called?

A

apoprotein B-100

24
Q

a patient who cannot synthesize apoprotein B-100 and is then unable to synthesize VLDL and chylomicrons, which leads to accumulation of large fat droplets in the liver and intestinal parenchyma. what is this disorder called?

A

abetalipoproteinemia

25
Q

lipoprotein that is synthesized in the liver and small intestines and removes cholesterol from cells and returns it to the liver to be excreted out of the body

A

HDL

26
Q

which specific enzyme promotes the Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT) mechanism that removes excess cholesterol from the cells and delivers it to the liver to be excreted?

A

lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)

27
Q

do to calculate cholesterol ratio?

A

total cholesterol / HDL level

28
Q

do we want a lower or higher cholesterol ratio number?

A

lower = lower risk of heart disease

29
Q

which lipoprotein carries most of the total cholesterol in the serum and transports it to the tissues?

A

LDL

30
Q

when is the LDL cholesterol difficult to calculate?

A

if triglycerides are above 400

31
Q

what is the abnormality of lipid studies called?

A

dyslipidemia

32
Q

what is elevated in type 1 lipoprotein elevation?

A

chylomicrons

33
Q

what is elevated in type 2a lipoprotein elevation?

A

LDL

34
Q

what is elevated in type 2b lipoprotein elevation?

A

LDL + VLDL

35
Q

what is elevated in type 3 lipoprotein elevation?

A

IDL

36
Q

what is elevated in type 4 lipoprotein elevation?

A

VLDL

37
Q

what is elevated in type 5 lipoprotein elevation?

A

VLDL + chylomicrons

38
Q

a group of common defects in the LDL receptor protein that prevents binding and uptake of LDL by the cell and results in greatly elevated LDL-cholesterol and increased CHD risk

A

familial hypercholesterolemia

39
Q

what should I recommend to a child 2 years or older for elevated lipids?

A

healthy lifestyle/diet

40
Q

what should I recommend to a child that is 1 year who is overweight or has a family history of obesity, dyslipidemia, or CVD?

A

low-fat dairy products

41
Q

in a child over 8 years that has elevated lipids, and who has tried dietary therapy, what can be done?

A

drug therapy

42
Q

what is the most common drug used in hypercholesteremia?

A

statins

43
Q

what is a frequent side effect of statins?

A

muscle pain and weakness

44
Q

how does lipemia affect lipid assays?

A

causes turbidity

45
Q

how does bilirubin affect lipid assays?

A

absorbs light and is a reducing agent

Lab Med (19 decks)

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