Lipid Panel

Question 1

what are the 3 major plasma lipids?

Answer 1

1. phospholipid
2. triglyceride
3. cholesterol

Question 2

triglycerides and cholesterol are packed with proteins to form _____

Answer 2

lipoproteins

Question 3

where does the majority of elevated cholesterol come from?

Answer 3

body (endogenous)

Question 4

what kind of system does the liver have with cholesterol?

Answer 4

negative feedback system

Question 5

what can long-term hypercholesterolemia lead to?

Answer 5

atherosclerosis

Question 6

where does the majority of triglycerides come from?

Answer 6

diet

Question 7

how is VLDL calculated?

Answer 7

TG/5

Question 8

what equation helps to calculate LDL?

Answer 8

LDL-cholesterol = Total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - (TG/5)

Question 9

what is the optimal specimen for a lipid panel?

Answer 9

serum/plasma (EDTA, Heparin)

Question 10

what is the fasting rule for a lipid panel?

Answer 10

12-15 hours

Question 11

our body uses cholesterol to make _____

Answer 11

vitamin D

Question 12

what is cholesterol essential for? (3)

Answer 12

1. synthesize bile acids
2. steroid hormones
3. cell membrane structure

Question 13

what digests triglycerides? (2)

Answer 13

1. pancreatic lipases
2. intestinal lipases

Question 14

triglycerides combine with cholesterol and apolipoproteins for form what?

Answer 14

chylomicrons

Question 15

large lipoproteins that show lipemic state

Answer 15

chylomicrons

Question 16

in a nonfasting state, where are most TG found?

Answer 16

in chylomicrons

Question 17

in a fasting state, where is most TG found?

Answer 17

VLDL

Question 18

lipoprotein that is synthesized in the intestinal enterocytes that is released into lymph and slowly into the bloodstream after a meal

Answer 18

chylomicrons

Question 19

what is the main function of chylomicrons?

Answer 19

transport dietary TGs to peripheral tissues and the liver

Question 20

what gives serum its lipemic appearance in non-fasting/abnormal levels?

Answer 20

chylomicrons

Question 21

high levels of _____ can contribute to acute pancreatitis

Answer 21

triglycerides / chylomicrons

Question 22

lipoprotein that moves cholesterol, triglycerides and other lipids in the body that is considered “bad” cholesterol

Answer 22

VLDL

Question 23

VLDL contains the largest protein in the human body. what is it called?

Answer 23

apoprotein B-100

Question 24

a patient who cannot synthesize apoprotein B-100 and is then unable to synthesize VLDL and chylomicrons, which leads to accumulation of large fat droplets in the liver and intestinal parenchyma. what is this disorder called?

Answer 24

abetalipoproteinemia

Question 25

lipoprotein that is synthesized in the liver and small intestines and removes cholesterol from cells and returns it to the liver to be excreted out of the body

Answer 25

HDL

Question 26

which specific enzyme promotes the Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT) mechanism that removes excess cholesterol from the cells and delivers it to the liver to be excreted?

Answer 26

lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)

Question 27

do to calculate cholesterol ratio?

Answer 27

total cholesterol / HDL level

Question 28

do we want a lower or higher cholesterol ratio number?

Answer 28

lower = lower risk of heart disease

Question 29

which lipoprotein carries most of the total cholesterol in the serum and transports it to the tissues?

Answer 29

LDL

Question 30

when is the LDL cholesterol difficult to calculate?

Answer 30

if triglycerides are above 400

Question 31

what is the abnormality of lipid studies called?

Answer 31

dyslipidemia

Question 32

what is elevated in type 1 lipoprotein elevation?

Answer 32

chylomicrons

Question 33

what is elevated in type 2a lipoprotein elevation?

Answer 33

LDL

Question 34

what is elevated in type 2b lipoprotein elevation?

Answer 34

LDL + VLDL

Question 35

what is elevated in type 3 lipoprotein elevation?

Answer 35

IDL

Question 36

what is elevated in type 4 lipoprotein elevation?

Answer 36

VLDL

Question 37

what is elevated in type 5 lipoprotein elevation?

Answer 37

VLDL + chylomicrons

Question 38

a group of common defects in the LDL receptor protein that prevents binding and uptake of LDL by the cell and results in greatly elevated LDL-cholesterol and increased CHD risk

Answer 38

familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 39

what should I recommend to a child 2 years or older for elevated lipids?

Answer 39

healthy lifestyle/diet

Question 40

what should I recommend to a child that is 1 year who is overweight or has a family history of obesity, dyslipidemia, or CVD?

Answer 40

low-fat dairy products

Question 41

in a child over 8 years that has elevated lipids, and who has tried dietary therapy, what can be done?

Answer 41

drug therapy

Question 42

what is the most common drug used in hypercholesteremia?

Answer 42

statins

Question 43

what is a frequent side effect of statins?

Answer 43

muscle pain and weakness

Question 44

how does lipemia affect lipid assays?

Answer 44

causes turbidity

Question 45

how does bilirubin affect lipid assays?

Answer 45

absorbs light and is a reducing agent