Wold 2

Question 1

There are 5 basic categories of useable food (energy sources

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals

Question 2

The brush border ectoenzymes are essential for

Answer 2

digestion and absorption of carbohydrates

Question 3

Complex carbohydrates broken down into

Answer 3

monosaccharides
Digestive enzymes (such as amylase)
Ectoenzymes (lactase)

Question 4

Monosaccharides taken up by epithelial cells by

Answer 4

transporters

Question 5

Monosaccharides passed into blood via

Answer 5

GLUT2

Question 6

Proteins are broken down into peptides in

Answer 6

2 locations

Question 7

Stomach

———- is produced in stomach—cleaved to —— which degrades protein

Answer 7

Pepsinogen

pepsin

Question 8

Small Intestine

Pancrease releases

Answer 8

pro-enzymes into small intestine to digest proteins

Question 9

Pancreas pro enzymes

Answer 9

Trypsinogen
Cymotrypsinogen
Procarboxypeptidases A and B
Proelastase

Must be converted to active enzymes—initiated by enteropeptidase

Question 10

Trypsin is an ——- for cleavage of proteins

Answer 10

essential protease

Question 11

Two Broad Classes of AA Transporters

Answer 11

Na+ Dependent

Na+ Independent

Question 12

AA Subclasses are specific for

Answer 12

certain types of amino acids

Question 13

AA Transporters are on

Answer 13

brush border and basolateral membrane

Question 14

Sources of Lipase

Answer 14

Lingual Lipase
Gastric Lipase
Pancreatic Lipase

Question 15

But, then how does lipase interact with the fat?

Answer 15

Colipase

Question 16

How do micelles enhance absorption of fatty acids?

Answer 16

Micelles are in equilibrium with free fatty acids.

Micelles are constantly breaking down and reforming.

Question 17

Triglycerides are found in

Answer 17

systemic circulation, not free fatty acids or monoglycerides.

Question 18

Many vitamins are fat soluble

Answer 18

A
D
E
K

Question 19

vitamins

Solubilized in

Answer 19

micelles, and passively diffuse through intestinal epithelial cells

Question 20

Vitamins

Released into body with

Answer 20

chylomicrons

Question 21

Water soluble vitamins

All are absorbed by

Answer 21

facilitated or active transport, except B12

Question 22

All of the proteases are released as

Answer 22

proenzymes

Question 23

Luminal peptidases are not

Answer 23

sufficient to breakdown protein; brush border enzymes are also needed

Question 24

Peptides and amino acids are

Answer 24

transported across epithelial cells by transporters

Question 25

Fatty acid absorption occurs in the

Answer 25

small intestine (primarily duodenum), but digestion occurs in stomach and duodenum

Question 26

Fats are not water soluble, but

Answer 26

lipases are.

Question 27

Gastric emptying is slowed by

Answer 27

fats

Question 28

Fat films are emulsified both

Answer 28

Mechanically

Emulsifying agent

Question 29

Most water absorption occurs in the

Answer 29

small intestine

Question 30

Much of the concentration gradient of solutes is dependent upon

Answer 30

Na+

Question 31

Absorption of Na+

Occurs throughout the

Answer 31

entire GI tract

Question 32

Absorption of Na+

Can occur against a

Answer 32

small electrochemical gradient

Question 33

Absorption of Na+

Is highest in areas where

Answer 33

glucose and galactose or amino acids are being transported

Question 34

Absorption of Na+

Cl-, HCO3, K+ are also absorbed in part due to

Answer 34

Na+

Question 35

Absorption of Minerals (Ca++)

Actively absorbed by

Answer 35

all segments of the intestine

Question 36

Absorption of Minerals (Ca++)

Salts are soluble at

Answer 36

low pH

Question 37

Absorption of Minerals (Ca++)

Strongly enhanced by

Answer 37

vitamin D

Question 38

Absorption of Fe++

Very

Answer 38

inefficient (< 10% of dietary Fe++ is absorbed)

Question 39

Absorption of Fe++

Stomach ——– absorption

Answer 39

enhances

Question 40

Absorption of Fe++

======can not be absorbed

Answer 40

Fe+++