Renal Hot Topics Flashcards
Erythropoitin
Renin
1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD
renal hormones
ammonia breath – gingival enlargement – xerostomia – tooth problems premature loss narrowing pulp chambers necrosis beneath fillings or crowns
oral health manifestations of renal disease
where does this happen-
blood is filtered in glomeruli and the filtrate passes through tubules of the nephron
renal cortex
where does this happen- there are portions of nephron tubule involved with concentration and collection of urine
renal medulla
which renal process- solutes (and the water they are dissolved in) pass from the blood into the tubular fluid in the renal capsule (Bowman’s space)
-filtration
which renal process- substances are transported from the blood in the peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid
secretion
which renal process- substances are transported from the tubular fluid into the blood in the peritubular capillaries
reabsorption
a dense capillary bed where filtration occurs
surrounded by renal capsule (or Bowman’s capsule) which collects the filtrate from the blood entering via the afferent arterioles
glomerulus
- smooth muscle contraction in afferent or efferent arterioles
- response of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) located at the intersection of the macula densa of distal tubule with afferent and efferent arterioles – the JGA secretes the hormone renin which regulates systemic blood pressure
blood flow through glomerulus regulation mechanisms
which part of the nephron- reabsorbs 2/3 of filtered salt and water; reabsorbs all filtered glucose and amino acids; some diuretics will act here
-proximal convoluted tubule
which part of the nephron- is divided into thin descending limb; thin ascending limb; thick ascending limb (TAL
loop of Henle
site of countercurrent multiplication needed to produce concentrated urine, but itself produces a dilute filtrate. Very powerful diuretics work here
loop of Henle
which part of the nephron- continued reabsorption of solutes; regulation of calcium; site of action for some diuretics
-distal convoluted tubule
Which part of the nephron- collects fluid from multiple nephrons; extends from cortex through the medulla; regulates sodium, potassium, and water; some diuretics act here
collecting duct
the volume of plasma from which all of a particular substance is removed to the urine (i.e. cleared), e.g. 100 ml/min; clinically important concept for monitoring renal function
renal clearance
amount of blood filtered by the kidney, expessed as volume per unit time
glomerular filtration rate
small polysaccharide; freely filtered and not secreted or absorbed; used to measure renal clearance
inulin
product of muscle metabolism; freely filtered, not reasbsorbed, almost no secretion; normal levels < 1+ 0.5 mg/dl; if > 10 requires dialysis
creatinine
negative charge
charge of basement membrane
pressure due to fluid
P in capillaries > P in capsule fluid
hydrostatic pressure
pressure due to solutes in fluid (including those not dissolved)
π in capillaries > π in capsule fluid
oncotic pressure
favors filtration from blood into the capsule fluid
net filtration pressure
myogenic mechanism – vascular smooth muscle tends to contract when it is stretched, and relax when not stretched; constriction or dilation of smooth muscle in afferent or efferent arterioles has contrasting effects on RBF
tubuloglomerular feedback – feedback from the JGA adjusts afferent arteriole diameter
autoregulation intrinsic mechanisms; adjust blood flow through the glomerulus
molecules move through tubular cells
transcellular