Wold 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Parotid

Parotid (Stensen’s) duct opposite upper second molar

A

Serous gland; produces a watery (serous) secretion

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2
Q

Parotid;

Major source of

A

amylase

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3
Q

Submandibular

Submandibular (Wharton’s) duct opens

A

beneath the base of the tongue

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4
Q

Submandibular gland

A

Mixed (serous and mucous)

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5
Q

Submand. gland;

Secretions include

A

water/electrolytes and mucin

Active at rest

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6
Q

Sublingual

A
Lesser sublingual (Rivinus’s) ducts anterior floor 
Mostly mucous
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7
Q

Minor glands located throughout the oral cavity.

A
Labial
Palatine
Buccal
Lingual (von Ebner’s gland)
Sublingual mucosae
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8
Q

Minor salivary glands

Secrete mostly

A

mucous except von Ebner’s

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9
Q

Minor salivary glands

Contribute

A

5-10% of total saliva

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10
Q

Minor salivary glands

Harbor

A

lymphocytes

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11
Q

Von ebner’s gland

Secrete

A

lingual lipase

Initiates fatty acid digestion

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12
Q

Salivon

A
Acinus
-Acinar cells (blind sac)
--Serous Cells (enzymes)
--Mucous Cells (mucin)
----**Myoepithelial Cells
Intercalated Duct
Striated Duct
Excretory Duct
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13
Q

Composition of Saliva

A

WATER 99.5%
INORGANIC SALTS
Sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate
Other components: calcium phosphate and magnesium sulfate
ORGANIC COMPONENTS
Acinar Cellular Origin
Amylase, Lipase, Mucoproteins, Proline-rich proteins, Tyrosine-rich proteins (and many others)
Nonacinar Cell Origin
Lysozyme, immunoglobulin, growth factors, regulatory peptides (NGF)
pH highly buffered 6.7 to 7.4

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14
Q

Nonacinar Cell Origin

A

Lysozyme, immunoglobulin, growth factors, regulatory peptides (NGF)

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15
Q

Acinar Cellular Origin

A

Amylase, Lipase, Mucoproteins, Proline-rich proteins, Tyrosine-rich proteins (and many others)

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16
Q

Salivary Fluid Secretion

A

-Intracellular Na+ kept low
-Intracellular K+ kept high
-Intracellular Cl- high
-In unstimulated cells, Ca2+ levels are low, and Ca2+ activated K+ and Cl- channels are closed.
=Upon stimulation, Ca2+ opens the Cl- and K+ channels.
Na+ leaks through tight junctions to follow Cl-

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17
Q

Primary secretion
(acini)

freely —- permeable

A

H2O

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18
Q

Secondary modification

Duct

A

H2O impermeable

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19
Q

Mechanisms of ductal modification

A

Number of transporters distributed in polarized manner across cell

Reabsorb Na+ and Cl- but NOT H2O

Slow flow rates allow more reabsorption

20
Q

Primary secretions

A

Acinar region freely permeable to water
Electrolyte composition unaffected by flow rate
plasma like composition (isotonic)

21
Q

Secondary secretions

A

Ductal region impermeable to water
Electrolyte composition strongly affected by flow rate
Low rate=high [K]; high rate=high [Na]
hypotonic

22
Q

Mucin

Most abundant

A

protein in saliva

23
Q

Mucin

Predominately produced by

A

sublingual & submandibular glands

24
Q

Mucin

——- protein

25
Mucin | Improves
Salivary viscosity
26
Amylase | Predominately produced by
parotid gland
27
Amylase | Packaged in
zymogen granules
28
Amylase | Initiates the breakdown of
starch
29
Immune-associated proteins Muramidase Lyze
muramic acid in the cell wall of many bacteria
30
Calcium Binding Proteins e.g.. PRP, TRP (e.g., statherin) Cystatins, histatins Promote
mineralization of the enamel
31
Growth Factors | EGF (stimulates
gastric growth); NGF (imp. For sympathetic n.s
32
Autonomic Nervous System Innervation
1.Acinar cells 2. Ductal cells 3. Blood vessels -Vasodilation -vasoconstriction 4. Myoepithelial Cells Have contractive properties
33
Parasympathetic NT in salivation
Acetycholine
34
NT in salivation | Sympathetic
Norepinephrine
35
NT in salivation- Others
``` Substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) ```
36
Mechanoreceptors
Periodontal Ligament | Tastebuds
37
Afferent Impulses
Trigeminal Facial Glassopharyngeal
38
Synapse in
Trigeminal | Solitary Nucleus
39
Parasympathetic stimulation releases ----- onto the ------- results in a ------.
ACh acinar cells and watery plasma-like secretion
40
Big Picture salivation
Muscarinic or Alpha-adrenergic receptor activation Intracellular calcium release Calcium activated K+ and Cl- channels Increase luminal Cl- concentration Intercellular sodium follow Water follows Protein secretion by PKA mediated exocytosis
41
``` Acetylcholine Primarily (some effect of Norepinephrine via α-adrenergic receptor) Opening of ```
Ca++ sensitive Cl- and K+ channels
42
Acetylcholine primarily | Increased
flow rate, lowered ductal modification
43
Norepinephrine
Protein rich saliva | -PKA-mediated exocytosis
44
Norepinephrine receptor;
β-adrenergic receptor
45
Acetylcholine receptor
Muscarinic or α-adrenergic
46
Anti-cholinergic Drugs | can lead to
xerostomia
47
Xerostomia Management | Stimulate
muscarinic receptors - Pilocarpine—Ach agonist - Treat symptoms