wk 8 - Lipoprotein receptors Flashcards
Friedewald equation can estimate the value of
a) Cholesterol
b) HDL
c) LDL
d) Triglycerides
c) LDL
The Friedewald formula has the following limitations EXCEPT
a) When chylomicrons are present
b) When plasma TG concentration exceeds 400 mg/dL (4.52 mmol/L)
c) In patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia
d) When measured in fasting state
d) When measured in fasting state
Patients with Familial hypetriglyceridemia will tend to have a predominant elevated plasma _________
a) HDL
b) LDL
c) VLDL
d) LDL & VLDL
e) VLDL & Chylomicrons
Patients with Familial hypetriglyceridemia will tend to have a predominant elevated plasma VLDL
A disorder in lipoprotein metabolism is considered as a _________ cause of hyperlipidemia, whereas, diabetes is considered as a __________ cause of hyperlipidemia.
a) Primary
b) Secondary
A disorder in lipoprotein metabolism is considered as a primary cause of hyperlipidemia, whereas, diabetes is considered as a secondary cause of hyperlipidemia.
Cholesteryl ester is formed from cholesterol using ______.
Cholesteryl ester is formed from cholesterol using LCAT (Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase)
Diagnosis of dyslipidemia is dependent upon the measurement of the following EXCEPT:
a) Chylomicron
b) HDL
c) LDL
d) Tg
e) Total cholesterol
a) Chylomicron
According to Friedewald equation, the equation is not valid if:
a) Cholesterol > 4.5 mmol/L
b) Chylomicron > 4.5 mmol/L
c) HDL > 4.5 mmol/L
d) LDL > 4.5 mmol/L
e) Triglycerides > 4.5 mmol/L
e) Triglycerides > 4.5 mmol/L
LDL receptor recognizes VLDL, IDL and LDL through their ________
a) ABCA1
b) Apo B100
c) Apo 48
d) SRB1
b) Apo B100
A patient with high cholesterol and high LDL and normal triglycerides is more likely to have ___________ due to a genetic deficiency in ___________. Whereas, a patient with high triglycerides and normal cholesterol is more likely to have ____________ due to a deficiency in ___________.
a) Hypercholesterolemia
b) Hyperlipidemia
c) LDL receptor
d) lipoprotein lipase
A patient with high cholesterol and high LDL and normal triglycerides is more likely to have Hypercholesterolemia due to a genetic deficiency in the LDL receptors. Whereas, a patient with high triglycerides and normal cholesterol is more likely to have Hyperlipidemia due to a deficiency in Lipoprotein lipase
name the disease
Hypercholesterolemia
Given a serum HDL-C of 0.8 mmol/L, a total cholesterol of 6.0 mmol/L and a Triglyceride of 5.5 mmol/L, what is the most likely calculated LDL-C by the Friedwald formula?
a) 3.0 mmol/L
b) Not valid
c) 4.5 mmol/L
d) 5.0 mmol/L
e) 5.5 mmol/L
b) Not valid
- Tc > 4.5 mmol/L
Hyperlipidaemia is the term used due to high concentration of plasma _________.
a) Cholesterol
b) Chylomicron
c) HDL
d) LDL
e) Triglycerides
Hyperlipidaemia is the term used due to high concentration of plasma triglycerides.
The commonly measured lipids in serum are all the following EXCEPT
a) Cholesterol
b) Chylomicrons
c) HDL
d) LDL
e) Triglycerides
b) Chylomicrons
In the reverse __________ pathway for HDL to get rid of cholesterol, Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) exchanges ________ in VLDL for the _________ in HDL.
a) Cholesterol
b) Cholesteryl ester
c) Triglycerides
d) Direct
e) Indirect
In the reverse indirect pathway for HDL to get rid of cholesterol, Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) exchanges triglycerides in VLDL for the cholesteryl esters in HDL.
A patient with combined ____________ has elevated levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides.
a) Hypercholestrolemia
b) Hyperlipoproteinemia
c) Hyperglycemia
d) Familial hypercholestrlemia
A patient with combined Hyperlipoproteinemia has elevated levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides.
The enzyme HMG-CoA reductase plays a central role in the production of __________.
The enzyme HMG-CoA reductase plays a central role in the production of cholesterol.
Hypercholesterolemia could be regarded to any of the following EXCEPT
a) Mutation in Apo B100
b) Excess production of LDL
c) Mutation in LDL receptor
d) Increased production of HDL
d) Increased production of HDL
Patients with Familial hypetriglyceridemia will tend to have a predominant elevated plasma _________
a) HDL
b) LDL
c) VLDL
d) LDL & VLDL
e) VLDL & Chylomicrons
Patients with Familial hypetriglyceridemia will tend to have a predominant elevated plasma VLDL
________ carries ~2/3 of cholesterol in plasma.
a) HDL
b) LDL
c) IDL
d) Lipoprotein lipase
e) Lipoprotein receptors
b) LDL
In children, ________ are effective at reducing cholesterol levels in those with familial hypercholesterolemia.
In children, inulins are effective at reducing cholesterol levels in those with familial hypercholesterolemia.
How does cholesterol bind to HDL?
________ activated __________ which phosphorylates the ABC transporters. Phosphorylation induces a conformational change which permits binding of ATP and opening the channel for cholesterol to bind to __________.
a) cAMP
b) HDL
c) LDL
d) Protein kinase A
e) Insulin
How does cholesterol bind to HDL?
cAMP activated PCA (protein kinase A) which phosphorylates the ABC transporters. Phosphorylation induces a conformational change which permits binding of ATP and opening the channel for cholesterol to bind to HDL.
Hypercholesteremia means high _______
a) Chylomicron
b) HDL
c) IDL
d) LDL
e) VLDL
Hypercholesteremia means high LDL
_____________ is a protein best known for its role in the direct reverse pathway, facilitating the uptake of Cholesteryl ester-HDL in the ____________.
a) CETP
b) Extrahepatic cells
c) Liver
d) LCAT
e) Reverse Scavenger (SR-BI)
Reverse Scavenger (SR-BI) is a protein best known for its role in the direct reverse pathway, facilitating the uptake of Cholesteryl ester-HDL in the liver.
Given a serum HDL-C of 1.5 mmol/L, a total cholesterol of 6.0 mmol/L and a Trigyceride of 1.0 mmol/L, what is the most likely calculated LDL-C by the Friedewald formula?
a) 3.0 mmol/L
b) 4.0 mmol/L
c) 4.5 mmol/L
d) 5.0 mmol/L
e) 5.5 mmol/L
b) 4.0 mmol/L
LDL = Total Cholesterol – HDL – Trig/2.17 for mmol/L
