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Bio 103 A & P 1 > Wk 4 Histology > Flashcards

Wk 4 Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

Study of normal structures of tissue

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2
Q

Tissue
( What is it?)

A
  1. A population of different cells related in structure and function.
  2. Has surrounding material extra cellular matrix. (ECM)
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3
Q

Types of tissue
(4 types)

A
  1. Epithelial tissue
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Muscle tissue
  4. Nervous tissue
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4
Q

Epithelia tissue
(5 things about it)

A

° Tightly packed sheets of cells with no visible ECM.
° Covers and lines all body surfaces and cavities.
° Glands that manufacture secretions (sweat and saliva) or chemical messengers (hormones).
° avascular (no blood vessels)
° BM (basement membrane)

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5
Q

Connective tissue
(3 things about it)

A

° Connect tissue to one another.
° ECM ( Extracellular matrix) is visible between cells
° Binds, supports, protects, and transportation of substances.

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6
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contraction

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7
Q

Nervous tissue
(Consist of 2 cells)

A

°Neurons
Make, send, received messages.

°Neuroglia
Supports activities of neurons.

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8
Q

Extracellular matrix
( What is it?)

A

Compose of substances in a liquid, gel, or solid that’s suround cells.

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9
Q

Extracellular matrix
(Function)

A

° Provide tissue with strength to resist tensile (stretching) and compressive forces
° Directs cells to proper positions within tissue and holds those cells in place.
° Regulate development, mitotic activity, and survival of cells.

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10
Q

Extracellular matrix
( Made out of?)

A

Ground substances and protein fibers.

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11
Q

Ground substances

A

° Components: water, nutrients, ion, and macromolecules.

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12
Q

Macromolecules

A

°Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
°Protenoglycans
°Cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs)

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13
Q

Protein Fibers
(3 of them)

A

° Collagen fibers
°Elastic fibers
°Reticular fibers

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14
Q

Collagen fibers

A

°white
°fibrous
°resistant to tension

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15
Q

Elastic fibers

A

°Yellow
° Protein elastin surrounded by glycoproteins.
° Exhibits elasticity

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16
Q

Reticular fibers

A

°weblike
° Meshwork or scaffold that supports cells and ground substance of tissue.

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17
Q

Epithelial Tissue
(5 Functions)

A
  1. Protection
  2. Immune defense
  3. Secretion
  4. Transport into other tissues
  5. Sensation
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18
Q

Epithelial Tissue:
Protection

A

Shield underlying tissues from mechenical and thermal injury

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19
Q

Epithelial Tissue:
Immune defense

A

form physical barriers; contain cells of immune system

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20
Q

Epithelial Tissue:
Secretion

A

produce /push out hormones and
oils

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21
Q

Epithelial Tissue:
Transportation into other tissue.

A

form selectively permeable membranes ( Absorbs and takes it somewhere else)

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22
Q

Epithelial Tissue:
Sensation

A

detects changes in internal and external environments
Ex. Taste buds specialize sensory epithelial cells

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23
Q

4 types of simple epithelial tissue

A

°Simple Squamous
°Simple Cuboidal
°Simple Columnar
°Pseudostartified ciliated columnar

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24
Q

Simple Squamous

A

One layer of flat cells adapted for rapidly diffusion of substances
Found in lungs

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25
Simple Cuboidal
One layer of cubed shaped cells that absorb and secreation Found in kidneys
26
Simple Columnar
Single layer of rectangular shaped cells may have microvilli or cilia Found in the villi of the small intestine
27
Pseudostartified ciliated columnar epithelial (PSCCE)
Appears layered but isn't is one layer thick and ciliated Found in trachea
28
Stratified Epithelial Tissue (4 types)
1. Stratified Squamous 2. Stratified cubodial 3. Stratified columnar 4. Stratified transitional
29
Stratified Squamous (2 types)
°Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial °Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial
30
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial
° Outer cellular layers are dead. ° lack nuclei ° Filled with protein keratin ° Outer layers of skin (epidermis)
31
Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial
° apical cellular layers retain nuclei; still alive ° Wet mucus membrane (digestive system)
32
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial
° Rare in humans. ° Lines ducts of sweat glands
33
Stratified Columnar Epithelial
° Relatively rare in humans. ° Found in male urethra, cornea of eye, ducks of salivary glands.
34
Transitional Epithelial
° Only found in urinary system (uterus, urinary bladder, urethra) ° Can expand and flatten
35
Gland (There are 2)
Specialize cells that produce secretions. Endocrine and Exocrine
36
Endocrine glands
Secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream (ductless) Single cells to multicellular glands with branching Ex. Thyroid, pituitary, ovary
37
Exocrine glands
Have ducts Secretions have only local effects on cells in the general vicinity.
38
Exocrine glands Unicellular (goblet cells = mucus)
Digestive and respiratory tracks. Protect underline epithelia.
39
Exocrine glands Multicellular
Sweat glands and Salivary glands.
40
Exocrine glands secretions (2 of them)
Merocrine secretion Holocrine secretion
41
Exocrine glands secretions Merocrine secretion
Fluid product in vesicles Salivary and sweat glands
42
Exocrine glands secretions Holocrine secretion
Entire cells release Sebaceous gland
43
Connective tissue (4 types of tissue)
°Loose connective tissue °Dense (regular & irregular connective tissue °Reticular connective tissue °Adipose connective tissues
44
Specialized connective tissue (3 of them)
°Cartilage °Bone °Blood
45
Connective tissue function
°Connect and bind °Protect °Support °Transport
46
Connective tissue function: Connect and Bind
Anchor tissue layers and organs together
47
Connective tissue: Protect
°Bone tissue protect organs °Cartilage and fat (shock absorption) °Components of immune system
48
Connective tissue: support
Bone and cartilage support body weight
49
Connective tissue: Transportation
Blood main transport medium body
50
Connective tissue: Characteristics
°cells are surrounded by protein fibers and embedded in ground substances °ECM (extracellular matrix) °vascular
51
Connective tissue cells (4 of them)
°Fibroblasts °Adipose °Mast cells °Phagocytes
52
Connective tissue: Fibroblasts
Produce fibers (collagen, elastic)
53
Connective tissue: Adipose (What is it used for?)
Fat cells are used for protection, cushion, insulation,
54
Connective tissue: Mast cells
Produce histamine that caused inflammation
55
Connective tissue: Phagocytes
Include macrophage that ingest foreign invaders
56
Loose connective tissue Properties
°areolar tissue °location beneath epithelial of skin, members of body cavities, walls of hollow organs °ground substance, fibers, fibroblasts, adipocytes
57
Dense connective tissue (3 types of fibrous connective tissue)
°Dense irregular connective tissue °Dense regular connective tissue °Dense regular elastic CT(elastic tissue)
58
Dense connective tissue: Dense irregular connective tissue
°mostly disorganized collagen bundles °located in dermis, surround organs and joints
59
Dense connective tissue: Dense regular connective tissue
°Organized into parallel collagen bundles °Located in tendon and ligaments
60
Dense connective tissue: Dense regular elastic CT(elastic tissue)
°Mostly parallel-oriented elastic fibers with some collagen fibers °Found in walls of organs that need to stretch, large blood vessels, and ligaments
61
Connective tissue: Reticular tissue
°Composed mostly of reticular fibers produced by fibroblasts (Reticular cells) °Form fine networks that support vessels °Also found in lymnph nodes and spleen °Forms part of B.M. that supports epithelia °internal structure of liver and bone marrow
62
Specialized connective tissues (3 of them)
°Cartilage °Bone tissue (osseous tissue) °Blood
63
Specialized connective tissues: Cartilage (where is it found?)
found in joints, ear, nose, and part respiratory track
64
Specialized connective tissues: Bone tissue (osseous tissue)
°Supports and protects °Muscle attachments; stores calcium, and bone marrow (produces blood cells and stores fat)
65
Specialized connective tissues: Blood properties
°ECM is fluid = plasma °Plasma proteins °consists of mostly water, dissolved solutes, and proteins
66
Cartilage (4 properties)
°Rigid matrix °Chondroblasts - immature cells that divide by mitosis -> ECM °Chondrocytes in lacunae °Mostly avascular
67
3 types of cartilage
Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage
68
Hyaline cartilage
°most abundant °ends of long bone, trachea, nose, fetal skeleton
69
Fibrocartilage
°great tensile (streching) strength °intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, symphysis pubis
70
Elastic cartilage
°flexiable °external ear, auditory tube, epiglottis
71
Bone (osseous) (5 Properties)
°Hard matrix °Supports and protects °Hemopoiesis °Skeleton °Osteoblasts, osteocytes in lacunae, osteoclasts
72
Blood (3 Type of cells)
°Erythrocytes °Leukocytes °Thrombocytes
73
Blood: Plasma proteins
small and involved in transport & blood clotting
74
Blood: Erythrocytes
°red bload cells °transport oxygen
75
Blood: Leukocytes
° White blood cells °function in immunity
76
Blood: Thrombocytes
°platelets cell fragments °major role blood clotting
77
Muscle tissues (2 Properties)
°specialized for contractions (use ATP as energy source) °Movement of skeleton, heart beating, and propulsion of substances through hollow
78
Muscle cell or myocyte;
Excitable (ability to respond to electrical or chemical stimulation)
79
3 types of muscle tissue
°Skeletal muscle °Cardiac muscle °Smooth muscle
80
Skeletal muscle
°Cylinder shape °Attached to bone °Multi nucleus cell °Striated (Striped) °Voluntary
81
Cardiac (muscle)
°Heart °Branching shape °Striated (Striped) °Uni nucleus cell °Involuntary °Intercalated discs
82
Smooth (muscle)
°Walls of hollow organs, blood vessels °Non-striated (not striped) °Spindle shape °Uni nucleus °Involuntary
83
Nervous tissue Location:
brain, spinal cord, nerves
84
Nervous tissue Cell type:
Neurons Neuroglial cells
85
Neurons
Capable of making, sending and receiving messages.
86
Neuroglial cells
°Provide support of neurons' activities °Do not conduct nerve impulses °wraps around the neurons.
87
Membranes
Thin sheets of tissue that line a body surface or cavity.
88
Membrane (4 types)
°Serous membrane °Synovial membrane °Mucous °Cutaneous
89
Serous membrane
Line pericardial, peritoneal and pleural cavities (mesothelium)
90
Synovial membrane
°Most movement °Composed of CT °Line joints
91
Mucous
°Line tube/organs that connect to outside of body. °Nasal and oral cavities. °Secrete mucus
92
Cutaneous is also known as?
Skin
93
Tendons
Connect muscles to bone
94
Ligaments
Connects bone to bone
95
Hemopoiesis
Production of red blood cells and platelets in bone marrow

Bio 103 A & P 1 (12 decks)

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