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Bio 103 A & P 1 > Chapter 7 The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 The Skeletal System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The skeletal system has how many bones?

A

206 bones, including cartilage

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2
Q

Axial has how many bones?

A

80 bones

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3
Q

Appendicular has how many bones?

A

216 bones

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4
Q

Axial skeleton is made up of?

A

°Head
°vertebral column
°thoracic cage (sternum & ribs)
°ossicles (in the ear)
°hyoid bone

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5
Q

Appendicular skeleton is made up of?

A

°pectoral girdle
°upper limbs
°pelvic girdle
°lower limbs

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6
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle & scapula
Anchors upper limb to trunk

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7
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Two coxal bones (pelvic)
Anchors lower limb to trunk

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8
Q

How many bones in the skull and the 2 groups?

A

22 bones
Cranial bones
Facial bones

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9
Q

Cranial bones (cranium)
How many bones and their names?
(Hint: STEP OFf my skull)

A

8 bones
°Sphenoid 1
°Temporal 2
°Ethmoid 1
°Parietal 2
°Occipital 1
°Frontal 1

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10
Q

Facial Bones
How many bones and their names?
(8 types of bones)

A

14 Bones
°maxillary 2
°zygomatic 2
°nasal 2
°lacrimal 2
°palatine 2
°inferior nasal conchae 2
°mandible 1
°vomer 1

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11
Q

Sinuses

A

Air filled, membrane-lined spaces
These hollow cavities make the skull lighter

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12
Q

Paranasal sinuses
(4 of them)

A

°frontal
°ethmoid
°sphenoid
°maxillary

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13
Q

Orbit 7 fused bones, what are their names
(Hint: FLEZMS)

A

°frontal
°lacrimal
°ethmoid
°zygomatic
°maxillary
°sphenoid
°Palatine bone

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14
Q

Fontanel (soft spot)

A

Area of incomplete intramembranous ossification

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15
Q

Fontanel
(4 of them)

A

°anterior
°posterior
°sphenoid
°mastoid

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16
Q

Hyoid

A

° is c shaped
° does touch any other bones
Provide numerous muscle attachment points involved in swallowing and speech.

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17
Q

Vertebral column (spine)
How many bones?

A

33 bones (vertebrae)

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18
Q

Vertebral column (spine)
What are the 3 types of vertebrae, and how many of each are there? (Locations) (also 2 more extra structures)

A

°Cervical vertebrae 7 - neck
°Thoracic vertebrae 12 - ribs
°Lumbra vertebrae 5 - lower back
°Sacrum 5 fused sacral
°Coccyx 3-5 coccygeal

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19
Q

Spinal curvatures

A

C-shaped vertebrae column of new borns > S-shaped secondary curvatures as infant grows

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20
Q

Primary curvature

A

(Thoracic & sacral)
Present during fetal development.

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21
Q

Secondary curvature

A

(Cervical and Lumbar)
Develops after fetal period

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22
Q

Spinal curvatures
(2 types)

A

°Primary curvatures
°Secondary curvatures

23
Q

Abnormal spinal curvatures
(3 types)

A

°scoliosis
°lordosis
°kyphosis

24
Q

Abnormal spinal curvatures
Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvatures

25
Q

Abnormal spinal curvatures
Lordosis

A

(Swayback)
Exaggerated Cervical and lumbar curvatures
(Seen in pregnant women and beerbelly males)

26
Q

Abnormal spinal curvatures
Kyphosis

A

(Hunchback)
Exaggeration of thoracic curvatures

27
Q

Transverse foramina

A

Allows passage of vertebral arteries and vein.

28
Q

C1- atlas

A

° Lacks vertebral body
°articulates with occipital condyles and C2

29
Q

C2-axis

A

°Dens (odontoid process) protudes from body
° Allow for rotational movement of head at neck (shaking head side to side)

30
Q

Thoracic vertebrae (12)

A

°long spinous process
°superior & inferior costal facets (articulates with head of rib)
°transverse costal facets on transverse processes (articulates with tubercel of rib)

31
Q

Lumbar vertebrae (5)

A

°largest and heaviest of all vertebrae (wt. Bearing)

32
Q

Sacrum

A

5 fused sacral vertebrae
°sacral promontory
°sacral foramina

33
Q

Sacral promontory

A

Top and anterior

34
Q

Sacral foramina

A

4 pairs of holes allow for passage of spinal nerves

35
Q

Coccyx

A

4 fused (3-5) vertebrae

36
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

Fibrocartilage pad found between the bodies of vertebrae

37
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Jelly like substances, shock absorber

38
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

Outer ring of Fibrocartilage
Herniated disc

39
Q

Herniated disc (slip disc)

A

A tear in annulus fibrosus can allow nucleus pulposus to protude

40
Q

Thoracic cage
(3 parts)

A

°sternum
°ribs
°Thoracic vertebrae

41
Q

Sternum
(The 3 parts)

A

°manubrium
°body
°xiphoid process

42
Q

Rib cage

A

12 pairs of ribs and their costal cartilages

43
Q

True ribs

A

Ribs 1-7 (vertebrosternal ribs)
Attach to sternum via costal cartilage

44
Q

False ribs

A

Ribs 8-12
Not attach directly to sternum

45
Q

Vertebrochondral

A

Ribs 8-10
Attach to cartilage of 7th rib

46
Q

Floating ribs

A

(Vertebral ribs)
Ribs 11 & 12
Are not attached to sternum

47
Q

Carpals bones
( 8 of them)

A

°Scaphoid °lunate °triquetrum °pisiform °trapezium °trapezoid °capitate °hamate

48
Q

Metacarpals

A

5 in each hand are long bones

49
Q

Phalanges

A

14 in each hand are long bones

50
Q

Wrist fracture

A

Colles fracture

51
Q

Pelvis inlet

A

Oval opening formed by sacrum and pelvic girdle

52
Q

Pelvic brim

A

Bony ridge surrounding inlet that defines boundaries between greater and lesser pelvis

53
Q

Tarsals
How many bones? And there names

A

7 short bones
° talus °calcaneus °navicular °3cuneiforms °cuboid

Bio 103 A & P 1 (12 decks)

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