Week 2 Chemistry Of Life

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space. Example solid, liquid, and gas.

Question 2

Chemistry

Answer 2

Study of matter and its interactions.

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

Smallest unit of matter.

Question 4

The human body is made up of 4 major elements

Answer 4

1. Hydrogen
2. Oxygen
3. Carbon
4. Nitrogen.

Also 7 mineral elements and 13 trace elements.

Question 5

Biochemistry

Answer 5

The chemistry of life.

Question 6

Inorganic

Answer 6

Not alive does not contain carbon bonded to hydrogen.

Question 7

Organic

Answer 7

Is alive, contains carbon bonded to hydrogens.

Question 8

Water (H20)
(Functions there are 6)

Answer 8

1. Makes up 60 to 80% of human mass.
2. The medium for metabolic reactions.
3. Transport chemicals
4. Absorbs and transports heat.
5. Cushions and protects body structures.
6. Act as a lubricant between 2 adjacent surface.

Question 9

Salts

Answer 9

Can dissolve in water to form cation and anion called electrolytes.
1. Capable of conducting electrical current.
2. Important role in metabolism.

Question 10

Carbohydrates

Answer 10

Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen function primarily as fuel.

Question 11

Monosaccharides

Answer 11

Single sugars
Monomers from which all carbohydrates are made.

Question 12

Disaccharides

Answer 12

Form from two Monosaccharides

Question 13

Polysaccharides

Answer 13

Many Monosaccharides joined together

Question 14

Glycogen

Answer 14

Storage polymer of glucose mostly in skeletal, muscle, and liver cells.

Question 15

Starch

Answer 15

Is the storage polymer of glucose in plants

Question 16

Lipids

Answer 16

Hydrophobic molecules, including fats and oils.

Question 17

Fatty acids

Answer 17

Lipid monomers consisting of carbon chains.

Question 18

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 18

Is solid at room temperature, single bonds, Are bad

Question 19

Unsaturate fatty acids.

Answer 19

Liquid at room temperature, have double bonds, are good.

Question 20

Triglyceride

Answer 20

1. 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol
2. Used primarily for energy.
3. Most common lipid in body.

Question 21

Phospholipids

Answer 21

1.Major component of cell membrane
2. Made of glycerol backbone, two fatty acid “tails” (non polar group) and phosphate head (polar group)

Question 22

Steroids

Answer 22

1. 4 ring hydrocarbon structure.
2. Cholesterol

Question 23

Cholesterol

Answer 23

Component of cell membrane.
Used to synthesize sex hormones.

Question 24

Proteins
(10 things about them)

Answer 24

1. Macro molecules
2. Enzymes
3. Structural roles
4. Are involved in movement
5. Function in the body’s defenses
6. can be used as fuel
7. Hormones
8. Receptors
9. Antibodies.
10. 20 different amino acids are used to make protein.

Question 25

Nucleic acids

Answer 25

Built from monomers of nucleotides.
Makes up genetic material.

Question 26

Nucleotide structure.

Answer 26

1. Nitrogenous base with a hydrocarbon ring structure.
2. 5 carbon sugar.
3. Phosphate group

Question 27

Adenosine triphophate (ATP)

Answer 27

Main source of energy for the body.
Synthesize from ADP and phosphate

Question 28

DNA.

Answer 28

Deoxyribonucleic acid
Composed of 2 chains that twist around each other and form a double helix.
Contains genes
Provides code for protein synthesis.

Question 29

DNA base paring

Answer 29

A (adenine) = T (thymine)
G (guanine) = C (cytosine)

Question 30

RNA.

Answer 30

Ribonucleic Acid
Single strand of nucleotides
Can move between nucleus and cytosol
Critical to making proteins.
Contains sugar ribose

Question 31

RNA base pairing

Answer 31

A (adenine) = U (uracil)
G (guanine) = C (cytosine)