Week 2 Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space. Example solid, liquid, and gas.
Chemistry
Study of matter and its interactions.
Atom
Smallest unit of matter.
The human body is made up of 4 major elements
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Carbon
- Nitrogen.
Also 7 mineral elements and 13 trace elements.
Biochemistry
The chemistry of life.
Inorganic
Not alive does not contain carbon bonded to hydrogen.
Organic
Is alive, contains carbon bonded to hydrogens.
Water (H20)
(Functions there are 6)
- Makes up 60 to 80% of human mass.
- The medium for metabolic reactions.
- Transport chemicals
- Absorbs and transports heat.
- Cushions and protects body structures.
- Act as a lubricant between 2 adjacent surface.
Salts
Can dissolve in water to form cation and anion called electrolytes.
1. Capable of conducting electrical current.
2. Important role in metabolism.
Carbohydrates
Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen function primarily as fuel.
Monosaccharides
Single sugars
Monomers from which all carbohydrates are made.
Disaccharides
Form from two Monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Many Monosaccharides joined together
Glycogen
Storage polymer of glucose mostly in skeletal, muscle, and liver cells.
Starch
Is the storage polymer of glucose in plants
Lipids
Hydrophobic molecules, including fats and oils.
Fatty acids
Lipid monomers consisting of carbon chains.
Saturated fatty acids
Is solid at room temperature, single bonds, Are bad
Unsaturate fatty acids.
Liquid at room temperature, have double bonds, are good.
Triglyceride
- 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol
- Used primarily for energy.
- Most common lipid in body.
Phospholipids
1.Major component of cell membrane
2. Made of glycerol backbone, two fatty acid “tails” (non polar group) and phosphate head (polar group)
Steroids
- 4 ring hydrocarbon structure.
- Cholesterol
Cholesterol
Component of cell membrane.
Used to synthesize sex hormones.
Proteins
(10 things about them)
- Macro molecules
- Enzymes
- Structural roles
- Are involved in movement
- Function in the body’s defenses
- can be used as fuel
- Hormones
- Receptors
- Antibodies.
- 20 different amino acids are used to make protein.
Nucleic acids
Built from monomers of nucleotides.
Makes up genetic material.
Nucleotide structure.
- Nitrogenous base with a hydrocarbon ring structure.
- 5 carbon sugar.
- Phosphate group
Adenosine triphophate (ATP)
Main source of energy for the body.
Synthesize from ADP and phosphate
DNA.
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Composed of 2 chains that twist around each other and form a double helix.
Contains genes
Provides code for protein synthesis.
DNA base paring
A (adenine) = T (thymine)
G (guanine) = C (cytosine)
RNA.
Ribonucleic Acid
Single strand of nucleotides
Can move between nucleus and cytosol
Critical to making proteins.
Contains sugar ribose
RNA base pairing
A (adenine) = U (uracil)
G (guanine) = C (cytosine)