Wk 19 D1 Tumor Immunology

Question 1

How do we know that the immune system fights neoplasm?
Molecules and cells implicated?
Contrary evidence?

Answer 1

Immunodeficiency leads to increased cancer risk (AIDS, immunosuppressive drugs)
Many viruses cause cancer
IFNgR, IFNabR; T and NK cells
But most common cancer don’t occur more often in immunodeficient individuals

Question 2

Apoptotic tumor cell phagocytosed, presented by _ to __, licensing it to secrete __ and stimulate __. Non-MHC-1 expressing tumors killed by _. _ cells not known to be important but __used as therapy. __ only work in vitro.

Answer 2

DC, CD4, IL-2, CD8
NK
B, mAb
Macrophages

Question 3

__ and ___ cells in a tumor biopsy indicate a better prognosis

Answer 3

CD8 T cells

NK cells

Question 4

Induction of immune response is poor because paucity of ___. Thus, tumor-immunity is associated with __. Poor attraction of __ cells.

Answer 4

Tumor-specific Ag
Auto-immunity
Antigen-presenting

Question 5

Escape of immune response occurs as tumor cells express ___ that saturates ___ receptor on ___ cells. They also downregulate __ and __.

Answer 5

MIC (proteolytically)
NKG2D, NK
MHC-1, adhesion molecules

Question 6

Tumoral Immune suppression occurs thru release of __ which downregulates __ response and expression of __.

Answer 6

TGF-beta, Th1

PD-L1 (Programmed Death Ligand 1)

Question 7

mAb can be used in diagnosis, including ___ for PSA and highly sensitive ___. Rituximab blocks __ for __. Ipilimumab is anti-___ for ___ and enhancing __. Nivolumab is anti-__.

Answer 7

ELISA, radio-labeled mAbs
CD20, non-Hodgkin’s B cell lymphoma
CTLA-4, melanoma, T-cell response
PD-L1

Question 8

Cancer vaccines can generate a __ response, but can also generate __. It is difficult to study. We don’t know if it will work for patients with __.

Answer 8

specific, autoimmunity
Prophylactic effectiveness
Large tumors or metastases