WK 1 - Introduction to psychology Flashcards
Which perspective would suggest that the mind can be viewed as an information processing system?
Cognitive
The _______________ perspective sees behaviour as being motivated by forces that individuals may not understand or be aware of.
Psychodynamic
The _______________ perspective would suggest that psychological science is the study of behaviour that is observable and measurable.
Behaviourist
The _______________ perspective sees our behaviours developing as a result of our species’ adaptation to the challenges of surviving across millennia.
Evolutionary
The _______________ perspective might suggest that future behaviour is influenced by memory and analysis of past experience
cognitive
Which perspective would most likely make this statement:
“One limitiation of our understanding of behaviour is that most research has been conducted on subjects from North America.”
Sociocultural
The _______________ perspective would suggest that behaviour is powerfully influenced by its consequences in the form of reinforcement and punishment.
behaviourist
Which perspective would most likely suggest that behaviour may be the product of unconcious conflict and anxiety?
Psychodynamic
Angelia is a cognitive psychologist. As a cognitive psychologist she:
Infers mental processes from experimental data.
Behaviourists are not comfortable with studying mental events such as thoughts or feelings because:
they cannot be independently verified because they are not directly observable.
Diane is keeping an in-depth record of her conscious awareness including sensation, images, feelings, and thoughts that she is aware of experiencing. Diane is practising what Wundt would call:
Introspection
My essay examines the relationship between conscious awareness and unconscious mental forces being analogous to the visible tip of an iceberg and the vast, submerged hulk that lies out of sight beneath the water. This notion best fits with which of the following perspectives?
Psychodynamic
Which of these psychologists opened the first psychology laboratory and is often described as the ‘father of psychology’?
Wilhelm Wundt
Psychology is the study of which three mental processes?
Thoughts, feelings and memory
Who originated the psychodynamic perspective?
Sigmund Freud
Which perspective sees the mind like a computer; enduring patterns of thought are like software.
Cognitive perspective
The _____________ perspective focuses on the relation between environmental events and the responses of the organism.
behaviourist
The _______________ perspective emphasises the uniqueness of the individual and focuses on the person’s immediate experience.
humanistic
Humanistic methods typically focus on helping individuals understand their own unique frame of reference and work towards achieving ______________.
self-actualisation
The _____________ perspective argues that many human behavioural proclivities exist because they helped our ancestors survive and produce offspring that would be more likely to survive.
evolutionary
A skill that involves carefully examining and analysing information to judge its value, assessing both its strengths and its weaknesses, and considering alternative explanations.
Critical thinking
The capacity to understand another person’s experience, both cognitively and emotionally.
Empathy
The philosophical question of whether people act on the basis of their freely chosen intentions, or whether their actions are caused or determined by physical processes in their bodies or in the environment in which they live.
Free will or determinism
An approach to personality that focuses on aspects of personality that are distinctly human, not shared by other animals.
Humanistic perspective
The focus on understanding and harnessing positive emotions and actively stimulating conditions that produce valued, subjective experiences that help people flourish.
Positive psychology
The ______________ perspective originates from the early work of Pavlov and Skinner and focuses on examining the way the environment shapes behaviour.
behaviourist
Maslow and Carl Rogers were key figures in which psychological perspective?
Humanistic
B. F. Skinner was a key figure in which psychological perspective?
Behaviourist
________________ psychology focuses on the way people perceive, process and retrieve information.
Cognitive
Which perspective thinks of conciousness like the tip of an iceberg?
Psychodynamic
Who founded the first psycholigical laboratory in 1879?
Wilhelm Wundt
The belief that the path to scientific knowledge is systematic observation and, ideally, experimental observation.
Empiricism
The study of the reciprocal relationships between humans and nature, with a focus on changing attitudes and behaviours to encourage conservation of the environment.
Conservation psychology
The field that attempts to test psychological hypotheses in different cultures.
Cross-cultural psychology
The process of looking inward at one’s own mental contents or process.
Introspection
Self-actualisation forms a part of which psychological perspective?
Humanistic
_____attempted to uncover the basic elements of consciousness through introspection.
Structuralism
_____attempted to explain psychological processes in terms of the role, or function, they serve.
Functionalism
