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Psychology 1A DA > Week 8 - Motivation > Flashcards

Week 8 - Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

Intrinsic motivation refers to participating in an activity for:

A

our own enjoyment

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2
Q

A student fails to study for a test because he really doesn’t care about classes or grades. This person also doesn’t think he is capable of getting passing grades. Which theory best explains this person’s behaviour?

A

Expectancy value theory

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3
Q

An external stimulus or reward that can have motivational consequences is most commonly described as a:

A

incentive

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4
Q

Achievement goals are thought to be a combination of three motives:

A

performance-approach, performance-avoidance, and mastery goals.

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5
Q

According to Maslow’s view of motivation, if you haven’t eaten all day, your thoughts will be MOST focused on your:

A

Physiological needs

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6
Q

Everything has been going wrong for John. No matter what he tries, it does not seem to make any difference. Therefore, he has given up trying. John’s behaviour is an example of:

A

learned helplessness

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7
Q

Cognitive-social theory argues that _____ affects whether a particular behaviour is going to occur.

A

expectancies

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8
Q

I think one of the reasons why I work so many hours each week is that I am afraid that I won’t get tenure. This is an example of:

A

performance-avoidance goal

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9
Q

Lester has been working long hours all week and is looking forward to the weekend. On Friday, his boss offers him double time if he will work Saturday as well. Lester agrees. Lester’s behaviour is best explained by:

A

Incentive theories

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10
Q

Peter is studying creative writing. He is not doing it to get the diploma that comes at the end of his program. Rather, his primary purpose is to become a better writer. His goal would be described as a:

A

Mastery goal

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11
Q

An external motivating stimulus

A

incentive

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12
Q

A fixed pattern of behaviour produced without learning

A

instincts

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13
Q

Motives to increase one’s competence, mastery or skill.

A

mastery goals

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14
Q

Motives to achieve a particular level that meets a socially defined standard

A

performance goals

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15
Q

Goals that centre on approaching or attaining a standard

A

Performance-approach goals

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16
Q

Goals that centre on avoiding failure, particularly publicly observable failure.

A

Performance-avoidance goals

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17
Q

The body’s tendency to maintain a relatively constant state that permits cells to live and function.

A

Homeostasis

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18
Q

The theory that people are motivated to seek out activities or situations to maintain or increase their level of arousal.

A

Arousal theory

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19
Q

Performance for easy or well-practice tasks is better at ________ arousal.

A

high
Because if you have studied then the high arousal level leads to better test performance, and helps you stay alert and focused! Week 8.2 second video explained.

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20
Q

Performance for difficult/unfamiliar tasks is better at __________ arousal.

A

lower

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21
Q

What behavioural system is primed by signals of reward and gratification?

A

Behavioural Activation System (BAS)

22
Q

What behavioural system responds to stimuli of potential pain or punishment?

A

Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)

23
Q

Motivational conflict between two attractive alternatives

A

Approach-approach conflict

24
Q

Choosing between two undesirable alternatives

A

Avoidance-avoidance conflict

25
Q

Being attracted to and repelled by the same goal

A

Approach-avoidance conflict

26
Q

_____________ tendencies increase in strength faster

A

Avoidance

27
Q

When given a choice of performing a task, which type of task would you think a high-need achiever would choose?

A

Moderately difficult

28
Q

When given a choice of performing a task, which type of task would you think a low-need achiever would choose?

A

Easy

29
Q

Theories which proposed that motivation stems from a combination of drive and reinforcement, in which stimuli become reinforcing because they are associated with the reduction of a state of biological deficit.

A

Drive reduction theories

30
Q

What are the two motivational drivers proposed by Freud’s dual-instinct theory?

A

Sex and aggression

31
Q

An innate drive such as hunger, thirst or sex.

A

Primary drive

32
Q

A motive learned through classical conditioning and other learning mechanisms such as modelling.

A

Secondary drive

33
Q

A theory of motivation that describes the relationship between a student’s expectancy for success at a task or the achievement of a goal in relation to the value of task completion or goal attainment.

A

Expectancy value theory
( Cognitive perspective)

34
Q

The theory of motivation that suggests that conscious goals regulate much of human action, particularly performance tasks.

A

Goal-setting theory

35
Q

A theory of motivation that proposes that people have three innate needs — competence, autonomy and relatedness to others — and that intrinsic motivation flourishes when these needs are fulfilled rather than compromised.

A

Self-determination theory

36
Q

Motives that can be activated and expressed outside of awareness.

A

Implicit movitves

37
Q

A theory of worker motivation distinguishing existence, relatedness and growth needs.

A

ERG theory

38
Q

According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, what is the highest level of need that humans strive for?

A

Self-actualisation

39
Q

According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which is NOT a basic need?
a) Love and belongingness
b) Self-esteem
c) Creativity
d) Physiological needs

A

Creativity

40
Q

According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which level of need must be met before an individual can move on to higher levels?
a) Self-actualization needs
b) Esteem needs
c) Safety needs
d) Physiological needs

A

Physiological needs

41
Q

According to ERG theory, what are the three components of worker motivation?

A

existence, relatedness and growth

42
Q

In the brain, the BIS (negative motivation) is located in ___________ and the BAS (positive motivation) is located in the _____________.

A

The limbic system, pre-frontal cortex

43
Q

Motives for achievement, autonomy, mastery, power and other self-oriented goals.

A

Agency

44
Q

Three component of self-determination theory

A

Competence
Autonomy
Relatedness to others

45
Q

If we break down the concept of motivation, we would find that we need to consider:

Select one:
a. what people want to do.
b. the goals they wish to pursue.
c. how strongly they want to do it.
d. all of the options listed.

A

d. all of the options listed.

46
Q

Kerry spends a lot of time reading because she enjoys reading books. It could be argued that Kerry reads because of ______.

Select one:
a. extrinsic motivation
b. intrinsic motivation
c. primary drives
d. self-determination

A

B. intrinsic motivation

47
Q

Peter is studying creative writing. He is not doing it to get the diploma that comes at the end of his program. Rather, his primary purpose is to become a better writer. His goal would be described as a:

Select one:
a. mastery-avoidance goal.
b. performance-avoidance goal.
c. performance goal.
d. mastery goal.

A

D. mastery goal.

48
Q

The idea that emotion is associated with physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation is tied to the _____ of emotion.

Select one:
a. Schachter-Singer theory
b. James-Lange theory
c. psychodynamic model
d. psychosocial model

A

a. Schachter-Singer theory

49
Q

Among the needs for agency, _______ refers to the need to do well, to succeed, and to avoid failure:

Select one:
a. achievement.
b. affiliation.
c. exceptionality.
d. superiority.

A

A. achievement

50
Q

Among the various needs for relatedness, which of the following is a social motive characterised by desire for interaction with friends or acquaintances?

Select one:
a. Friendship
b. Affiliation
c. Intimacy
d. Fraternisation

A

B. Alliliation

51
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of motivation?

Select one:
a. What people want to do
b. Physiological arousal
c. How strongly they want to do it
d. The goals they wish to pursue

A

B. Physiological arousal

52
Q

Which of the following would NOT support the development of intrinsic motivation?

Select one:
a. Autonomy and independence
b. Supportive environment
c. Praise
d. Cash payment as a reward

A

D. Cash payment as a reward

Psychology 1A DA (9 decks)

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