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Cisco CCNA > Wireless Networking Fundamentals > Flashcards

Wireless Networking Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

WPAN

A

Wireless Personal Area Network:

Devices are within 10 meters of each other

Example: Bluetooth

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2
Q

WLAN

A

Wireless Local Area Network:

Provides access to a campus (typically wired) network, without the need for a cable

Devices within 100m of WAP

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3
Q

WMAN

A

Wireless Metropolitan Area Network:

Covers a large area (example: city)

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4
Q

Ad Hoc Networks

A

Peer-to-peer

2+ wireless stations communicate directly

IBSS (Independent Basic Service Set)

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5
Q

Infrastructure Mode

A

Stations communicate via AP

Multiple APs can be deployed

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6
Q

Wifi Direct

A

Allows devices to be connected to an AP & also be part of peer-to-peer wireless network

Does not operate in Ad Hoc
– It’s an extension to infrastructure mode

WPS (Wifi Protected Setup) enables connection setup by pushing a button
WPAN

Predefined Services
—Miracast to wireless external monitor
—DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) allows devices to stream music/video
—Direct Print

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7
Q

Wireless Bridges

A

Can be used to connect areas not reachable via cable to the network

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8
Q

Mesh Networks

A

One AP radio is used to serve clients

The other radio connects to the backhaul network

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9
Q

WAPs

A

Wireless Access Points:

Provide connectivity between wireless stations & between wired/wireless networks

Wireless is Half-duplex
—Only one device can communicate at a time

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10
Q

BSS

A

Basic Service Set:

An AP centralizes access & control over a group of wireless devices

The devices & their wireless settings make up a BSS

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11
Q

DS

A

Distribution System:

Connects WAPs to the wired network

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12
Q

BSSID

A

Basic Service Set Identifier:

Devices within BSSs are identified by BSSID which is based on their MAC

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13
Q

BSA

A

Basic Service Area:

AKA: Wireless Cell

The wireless coverage area of an AP

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14
Q

SSID

A

Service Set Identifier:

Unique wireless network name

Multiple SSID:
–A single AP can support multiple SSIDs
—-Ex: “Corporate” & “Guest”
–Different SSIDs can have different security settings & mapped to different VLANs

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15
Q

Beacons

A

WAPs broadcast info about their WLANs with beacon frames

Can be disabled

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16
Q

ESS

A

Extended Service Set:

The same SSID can be supported across multiple APs to give a larger coverage area

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17
Q

Roaming

A

Wireless client stations can roam across APs supporting the same WLANs

18
Q

WLC

A

Wireless LAN Controller:

In a large campus, configuring a large amount of APs one by one becomes unmanageable

Can be physical or virtual

The WLC also monitors the wireless quality & controls the channels & power of the APs
—It can also detect rogue APs

19
Q

Autonomous AP

A

Standalone APs

20
Q

Lightweight AP

A

APs with a WLC

The LAP (Lightweight AP) downloads its configuration from the WLC
—This includes what WLANs it should support & their settings

21
Q

Zero Touch Provisioning

A

Gives the ability to install a network appliance somewhere without requiring local configuration

Lightweight APs support this

They discover their WLC via:
—DHCP - option 43 gives the IP of the WLC
—DNS - “cisco-capwap-controller” resolves the IP of the WLC
—Local subnet broadcast

22
Q

CAPWAP
(and port numbers)

A

Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points:

Open standard that enables WLCs to manage a collection of WAPs

Communications are encrypted inside a DTLS CAPWAP tunnel

Uses UDP ports 5246 & 5247

23
Q

Split MAC

A

Work is moved from the APs to the WLC which is why they are called LAPs

Real-Time traffic is still handled by the AP in order to provide suitable performance
—The rest is handled by the WLC

24
Q

AP vs. WLC Operations

A

AP Operations:
—Client handshake when connecting
—Beacons
—Performance monitoring
—Encryption/decryption
—Clients in power save

WLC Operations:
—Authentication
—Roaming control
—802.11 to 802.3 communication
—Radio frequency management
—Security management
—QoS management

25
Q

Traffic Flow with CAPWAP

A

Please refer to the diagram in the study guide

Management traffic between the AP & WLC also passes through the CAPWAP tunnel

LAG (Etherchannel) is often used on the WLC to switch link

26
Q

FlexConnect

A

Traffic is forwarded locally when FlexConnect is configured
–Useful for small branch offices without a WLC

27
Q

Switch Configuration for Wireless Networks: Autonomous AP (includes commands)

A

–Create VLANs (global config):
vlan 21
name Corporate
vlan 22
name Guest

–Configure Trunk between AP & Switch:
interface g1/0/1
switchport trunk encap dot1q
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 21,22

28
Q

Switch Configuration for Wireless Networks: CAPWAP (includes commands)

A

Link between switch and WLC is configured as trunk
Link between AP & switch is configured as access

–Create VLANs:
vlan 21
name Corporate
vlan 22
name Guest

–Create Management VLANs:
vlan 10
name WLC-Management
vlan 11
name AP-Management

–Configure Switch Port for WLC:
interface g1/0/2
switchport trunk encap dot1q
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,11,21,22

–Configure Switch Port for AP:
interface g1/0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 11

29
Q

802.11

A

1997

Up to 2Mbps

2.4GHz band

30
Q

802.11a

A

1999

up to 54Mbps

5GHz band

31
Q

802.11b

A

1999

Up to 11 Mbps

2.4GHz band

32
Q

802.11g

A

2003

up to 54 Mbps

2.4GHz band

Backward compatible with b

33
Q

802.11n

A

2009

Up to 600 Mbps

2.4 & 5 GHz band

Backward compatible with a, b, g

34
Q

802.11ac

A

2013

Up to 3500 Mbps

5GHz band

Backward compatible with a & n

35
Q

2.4 GHz Spectrum

A

Ranges from 2.4 to 2.4835 GHz
—2.4 to 2.497 in Japan

Divided into smaller (22 MHz) ranges of frequencies called channels

36
Q

5 GHz Spectrum

A

Channels are 20 MHz wide

Less overlap than 2.4 GHz channels

Neighboring APs should be separated by at least one channel

Channels can be bonded (40, 80, or 160 MHz wide) to multiply data rates by 2, 4 or 8x

37
Q

2.4 GHz Interference

A

The ISM band is unlicensed

Many devices also use this frequency band and can cause interference

38
Q

2.4 vs. 5 GHz

A

2.4 GHz has greater range & propagation through obstacles
2.4 GHz is more crowded

5 GHz 802.11ac has higher throughput than is available with 2.4 GHz

Your client stations may only be compatible with 2.4 GHz

39
Q

Site Surveys

A

Help to find the best placement for APs for max coverage & minimum leakage

Should also discover potential sources of interference

A WLC can manage channel allocation & power levels of APs

40
Q

Wireless Security Protocols

A

WEP
1999 - RC4 encryption

WPA
2003 - RC4 encryption; TKIP

WPA2
2004 - AES encryption, CCMP

WPA3
2018 - AES encryption, CCMP, protection against KRACK attack

41
Q

WPA Personal vs. Enterprise

A

Personal - uses PSKs (pre-shared keys)

Enterprise - uses AAA

Cisco CCNA (38 decks)

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