Wine Laws Flashcards
What is the AOC system? Who created it? in what year? and why?
“Appellation d’Originee Controlee”
Created in 1935 by INAO (institut national de l’origine et de la qualite)
created in response to widespread fraud
EU standardization put what into effect with the intention of raising quality and achieving more uniform standards across all member countries? in what year?
AOP (appellation d’Originee Protegee)
in 2009
What 2 categories were created by the AOP?
Wines with geographic indication
wines without geographic indication
AOC/AOP quality levels in france
(wines without geographic indication)
Vin de france- basic table wine
(wines with geographic indication)
IGP/Vin de Pays
Fewer restrictions
can be varietally labeled
85% of fruit must originate from stated region
AOP/AOC wines (50% of french wine, highest and most exacting, strictly regulated)
viticulture/viniculture regulated
100% must come from stated AOP/AOC
Italian wine law and classifications
(wines without geographic indication)
VDT (vino da Tavola) vino
(wines with geographic indication)
IGT (indicazione Geografica Tipica)
DOC (Denominazione de Origine Controllata)
DOCG (Denominazione de origne Controllata e Garantita)
When was the DOC system introduced in what country? why?
1963- Italy
for formalizing and protecting Italian wine appellations
What is Anbaugebiete? How many?
A german word for quality wine growing regions. There are 13
What are german wine laws based on that is different from most other wine-producing countries?
Ripeness
German Wine law and classifications
(wines without geographic indication)
Wein (Tafelwein “table wine”)
(wines with geographic indication)
PGI (Landwein) regional, rarely exported
Qualitatswein or Qualitatswein bestimmter anbaugebiete (QbA)
-quality wine from anbaugebiete
-this category includes top trocken wine
Pradikatswein or Pradikatswein mit Pradikat (QmP)
-subset categorized by ripeness at harvest
Pradikatswein levels in Germany
Trockenbeerenauslese
Eiswein
Beerenauslese
auslese
spatlese
Kabinett
Austrian Varietal %, vintage %, wine region listed%
Varietal- 85%
Vintage- 85%
Region (if listed) 100%
Austrain wine classifications
(without geographic indication)
wein
(with geographic indication)
Landwein (PGI)
Qualitatswein (PDO)- focus on dry wines, from DAC (districtus Austriae Controllatus)
Pradikatswein- similar to germany, less used. only the very sweet styles (BA, TBA, Eiswein
PGI vs PDO
Protected Geographical Indication- must be 85% local to stated region
Protected denomination of origin- whole wine process is done in region, following their laws
Spanish wine classifications
(wines without geographic indication)
vino
(wines with geographic indication)
IGP wines/ VdIT (vino de la Tierra)
DOP wines
VCIG (vinos de Calidad con Indicacion Geografica) category used as gateway for VdIT wines to get DO status
DO (Denomination de Origen) equates to french AOC
DOCa (Denomination de origen Calificada) Top quality wine regions in spain Rioja/Priorat
What are Vinos de Pagos
Single great estate in spain that can be situated outside of the DO system.
must be made/ bottled at estate
if it’s within the DO system it must surpass basic DO requirements
example- casa del blanco
Rioja Aging quality levels for red wines
Crianza- 2 years aging before release, 1 in oak
Reserva 3 years aging, 1 year in oak
Gran Reserva- 5 years aging total, at least 2 in oak
NZ wine law
85% grape minimum if listed
85% from region
85% from vintage
If two grapes are on label, first listed has more
what are Australian viticulture areas called?
GIs (geographic indications)
Australian wine law
85% grape minimum if listed
85% from vintage if listed
85% must come from GI (geographic indication), state, zone, region, subregion, or vineyard
if two grapes on label, first listed must have more
Who regulates federal beverage alcohol law in the US?
Tax and Trade Bureau
What are AVAs? which was the first?
American viticultural areas
1980- Augusta, Missouri
1981- Napa
US wine labeling law %
Variety
vintage
appelation or AVA
Estate bottling
Variety
75%- from county or state
85%- from an ava
90% (in oregon for most varieties)
Vintage
85% from state or county
95% if AVA is stated
Appelation or AVA
75% from state or county
85% from stated AVA
95% if stated single vineyard
Estate bottling
100% must come from grapes grown on land owned or controlled by the winery which must be located in an AVA
Does “reserve” on label have any meaning in the US?
Only in Washington, No more than 10% of production is allowed for “reserve wines”
What is the WO?
“Wine of Origin System”
Introduced in South Africa in 1973
producers must adhere to specific standards
WO seal appears on all bottles of South african wine that pass this certification
WO labeling Laws
(Wine of Origin system, south africa)
85% vintage of stated year
85% minimum for varietal labeling
100% must be from appelation
Oregon Wine law
90% minimum of grape stated on label
(75% for cabernet is an exception)
Chilean wine law
Denominacion de Origen (DO) similar to the AVA system in the US
Minimum 75% from region
Minimum 75% of stated variety (Only vitis vinifera (no hybrids)
Minimum 75% from stated vintage
How does chilean wine law differ if the wine is being exported?
becomes stricter- all 75% is bumped up to 85% (variety, region, vintage)
Argentina Wine law
80% of grape minimum if variety listed
85% must be grown in listed region
IGs (indicaciones Geograficas)
demarcated by political or geographical boundaries- similar to AVAs
DOCs (Denominacion de origen Controlada)
specify grape varietes, viticultural practices and aging
similar to european appelation systems
