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Exotic and Laboratory Animals > Wildlife > Flashcards

Wildlife Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sign of respiratory distress in avians?

A

Tail bobbing

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2
Q

What mentation & stance in avians is a sign of critical sickness?

A

Sleepy or laterally recumbent

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3
Q

What are common routes of medication administration in birds?

A

IM & SQ

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4
Q

How do you give medications into the renal-portal system?

A

Administered cranial to the kidneys

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5
Q

Where are IM injections give in birds?

A

Pectoral muscles

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6
Q

Where are indwelling catheters or IV injections given?

A

Medial metatarsal
Cutaneous ulnar
Jugular vein

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7
Q

How are oral medications administered in birds?

A

Feeding tube or syringe titration

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8
Q

How do raptors intake most of their water?

A

Eating prey

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9
Q

If a raptor is not eating how can you support them?

A

Inguinal or IV fluids
Force feeding chopped mice, rats, fish, chicks
Oxbow Carnivore Care Prey via feeding tube

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10
Q

What can be used for short-term feeding in injured songbirds?

A

Maintenance-soaked dog food

Nutritional formula should be used for long-term care

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11
Q

How does ingesting the entire carcass add nutrients when provided to snakes?

A

Calcium from the bone

Further supplementation is not needed when feeding the whole prey

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12
Q

What should you never feed snakes?

A

Chicken breast
Hot dogs
Raw beef

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13
Q

Why should prekilled or stunned food be offered to snakes?

A

To prevent harm by the prey item

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14
Q

What is best to feed herbivore lizards?

A

Dark leafy greens & vegetables

Kale, chard, turnip greens, escarole

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15
Q

What is best to feed reptiles that are insectivores?

A

Mealworms
Silkworms
Crickets

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16
Q

What is best to feed reptiles that are carnivores?

A

Whole prey

Mice, rats, guinea pigs, fish

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17
Q

What is best to feed reptiles that are Omnivores?

A

Dark leafy greens and insects

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18
Q

What are most aquatic turtles?

A

Omnivores

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19
Q

What do aquatic turtles eat?

A

Fish
Invertebrates
Algae
Leafy greens

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20
Q

What are tortoises classified as?

A

Herbivores

Eat a variety of leaves, grasses, flowers

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21
Q

What should captive tortoises eat?

A

Dark leafy greens, rose petals, hay, vegetables

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22
Q

What should you not feed captive tortoises?

A

Feed dog food
Tofu
Monkey biscuits
Diet with animal protein

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22
Q

What should you not feed captive tortoises?

A

Feed dog food
Tofu
Monkey biscuits
Diet with animal protein

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23
Q

How often should baby bird hatchlings be fed?

A

Every 10-20 minutes

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24
Q

How often should nestlings be fed?

A

Every 20-30 minutes

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25
Q

How often should fledglings be fed?

A

Every 45-60 minutes

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26
Q

How often should juveniles be fed?

A

Every 2 hours

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27
Q

What animal is it illegal to possess their body or body parts?

A

Bald or Golden eagles

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28
Q

How can you stabilize leg fractures in small song birds?

A

Tape splint

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29
Q

How do you stabilize wing fractures or injuries that cause wing drooping?

A

Figure-eight bandage

Stabilize a fracture of the radius/ulna since the bandage supports the elbow & wrists

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30
Q

How do you stabilize a bird with a fracture of the humerus?

A

Body wrap must be placed to stabilized the shoulder joint

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31
Q

What medications can be used as premedications in wildlife?

A 
Ketamine
Dexmedetomidine
Xylazine
Telazol
Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Midazolam
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32
Q

What postoperative pain medications are used in wildlife?

A

Butorphanol
Buprenorphine
NSAIDS
MU opioids

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33
Q

What is the overall goal of wildlife medication and rehabilitation?

A

Release the animal back to the wild

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34
Q

What are common disease of birds of prey seen in a wildlife rehabilitation center?

A 
Gunshot wounds
HBC
Flying into a window
Attacked by another animal
Electrocution
Bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic infections
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35
Q

What are common diseases or conditions seen in non-raptorial birds?

A

Flying into a window
Being attacked
Gunshot wounds
Ingestion toxicity

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36
Q

What are common diseases and conditions seen in reptiles in a wildlife rehabilitation?

A 
HBC
Attacked by another animal
Fractures
Open wounds
Salmonellosis outbreaks
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37
Q

What are common diseases or conditions of mammals seen in a wildlife rehabilitation center?

A

HBC
Attacked by another animal
Gunshot wound
Bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic infections

38
Q

What are common diseases or conditions seen in raccoons?

A 
Reservoir for rabies
Balisascaris procyonis
Canine or feline distemper
Trypanosoma cruzi
Rickettsia rickettsii
Leptospirosis
Salmonella spp
39
Q

What species have an impressive immune system, lower than average body temperature, are not a carrier for zoonotic diseases, unlikely to carry rabies but can carry fleas and other parasites?

A

Opossums

40
Q

What species can carry Leptospirosis and Salmonella in their feces, are vectors for rabies and can carry the bubonic plague?

A

Squirrels

41
Q

What can wild hares and rabbits carry?

A

Tularemia (Rabbit Fever)

Franciella tularensis

42
Q

What animal is the most common transmitter of rabies?

A

Bats

43
Q

What diseases can wild canids carry?

A

Sarcoptic mange
Rabies
Canine Distemper
Parvovirus

44
Q

Armadillos transmit Leprosy or Hansen’s disease (Mycobacterium leprae), how is this transmitted?

A

Excessive handling

Eating armadillo meat

45
Q

What are examples of heavy metals that cause heavy metal toxicosis?

A

Lead poisoning

Zinc toxicity

46
Q

What is considered an intoxication rather than an infectious disease and can cause large die-offs of migrating waterfowl?

A

Botulism

47
Q

What is the causative agent of Botulism?

A

Clostridium botulinum

48
Q

What causes algal toxins?

A

Freshwaters exposed to warm temperatures

Blooms of toxin-producing phytoplankton (Blue-green alage)

49
Q

What do high concentrations of algal toxins cause?

A

Neurotoxic and hepatotoxic signs

50
Q

What are signs of oil ingestion in birds?

A

Hypothermia
Dehydration
Emaciation
Electrolyte imbalance

51
Q

How are zoonotic diseases transmitted?

A

Direct and indirect

52
Q

Direct zoonotic transmission?

A

Feces
Urine
Saliva

53
Q

Indirect zoonotic transmission?

A

Ticks
Fleas
Mosquitoes

54
Q

What disease was recently discovered to be zoonotic?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

55
Q

Epizootic

A

An increase over the normal expected cases in a geographic area or certain time period

56
Q

Epidemic

A

Human term for epizootic

57
Q

Enzootic

A

Disease that has maintained a certain level of prevalence over time

58
Q

Endemic

A

Human term is now the choice in vet med for enzootic

59
Q

Cyclozoonosis

A

Must have several cycles of the disease to occur in several different species
Hydatid diseases

60
Q

Common Bacterial Diseases:

Chlamydophila psittaci

A

Flulike to pneumonia

61
Q

Common Bacterial Diseases:

Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Yersinia spp

A

Intestinal diseases

62
Q

Common Bacterial Diseases:

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Intestinal or skin (MRSA) diseases

63
Q

Common Bacterial Diseases:

Bacillus anthracis

A

Anthrax

64
Q

Common Bacterial Diseases:

Streptococcus spp

A

Strep throat
Pneumonia
Intestinal

65
Q

Common Bacterial Diseases:

Mycobacterium spp

A

Tuberculosis

Leprosy

66
Q

Common Bacterial Diseases:

Leptospira interrogans

A

Leptospirosis

Jaundice/fever

67
Q

Common Bacterial Diseases:

Clostridium spp

A

Intestinal

Botulism

68
Q

Common Bacterial Diseases:

Francisella tularensis

A

Tularemia

69
Q

Common Bacterial Diseases:

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted fever

70
Q

Common Bacterial Diseases:

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Lyme Disease

71
Q

What common fungal diseases cause respiratory illnesses?

A

Aspergillus spp
Histoplasma spp
Blastomyces spp

72
Q

Common Viral Diseases:

Rabies

A

Acute encephalitis

73
Q

Common Viral Diseases:

West Nile Virus

A

Neurologic

74
Q

Common Viral Diseases:

Avian influenza

A

Respiratory

75
Q

Common Viral Diseases:

St. Louis encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis

A

Neurologic

76
Q

What common parasitic diseases cause intestinal disease?

A

Giardia spp

Cryptosporidium spp

77
Q

What is a viral disease that is associated with raccoons, skunks, coyote, foxes and bats?

A

Rabies

78
Q

What does rabies cause?

A

Affects the nervous system

Acute encephalitis and death

79
Q

How is rabies transmitted to people?

A

The transmission of saliva from rabid animal to the eyes, nose, mouth or wound

80
Q

What exists in all wildlife droppings, causes severe gastroenteritis, enteric fever, septicemia, death and is transmitted through consumption of contaminated food?

A

Salmonellosis

81
Q

What is an obligate intracellular bacteria, causes psittacosis in humans, chlamydiosis in birds and is transmitted through inhalation from dried droppings or feather dust?

A

Chlamydiosis

82
Q

What can be very serious and life threatening, causes fever, headaches, weakness, and vomiting?

A

Leptospira

83
Q

What is the deadly disease, rodents are the vectors for, transmitted through contact with urine, feces, saliva of infected rodents?

A

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

84
Q

This bacterial disease plague is caused by Yersinia pestis, affects the lymphatic system after a bite from an infected flea and causes symptoms like fever, confusion and fatigue?

A

Bubonic Plague

85
Q

What is caused by Francisella tularensis carried by rodents, transmitted through contaminated food & droppings, causes high fever?

A

Tularemia

86
Q

What is caused by Francisella tularensis carried by rodents, transmitted through contaminated food & droppings, causes high fever?

A

Tularemia

87
Q

What is mosquito borne, can cause depression, anorexia, weakness, recumbency, weight loss, neurologic signs and is from the family Flaviviridae?

A

West Nile Virus

88
Q

What bacterial disease is associated with bison, deer, and other wild animals?

A

Brucella canis

89
Q

What is the most commonly reported tick-borne zoonoses, caused by Borreliosis spp, causes flulike rash, joint pain, neurologic, heart problems, eye inflammation, liver inflammation, severe fatigue?

A

Lyme Disease

90
Q

What is more deadly than Lyme disease and is caused by Tick-borne Rickettsia rickettsii?

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

91
Q

What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A 
High fever
Headache
Chills
Severe muscle pain
Malaise
92
Q

What parasitic disease is associated with various animals, is transmitted through ingestion and causes diarrhea?

A

Giardiasis

93
Q

What fungal disease is associated with bat guano?

A

Histoplasma

Exotic and Laboratory Animals (22 decks)

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