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Exotic and Laboratory Animals > Anesthesia and Common bacterial diseases in Rabbits > Flashcards

Anesthesia and Common bacterial diseases in Rabbits Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme do 30-40% of Rabbits have that hydrolyzes atropine making it ineffective?

A

Atropine esterase

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2
Q

Why should fasting in rabbits be kept to a minimum?

A

Because of their high metabolism which can lead to hypoglycemia and alter acid-base balance

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3
Q

What combination can be used for anesthesia for rabbits?

A

Preanesthetic agents
Mask
Chamber induction

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4
Q

What is necessary for long anesthetic procedures in rabbits?

A

Placement of an e-tube

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5
Q

Why is intubation in a rabbit challenging?

A

Due to the small size of the oral cavity, difficulty in visualizing the larynx and the tendency for laryngospasms

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6
Q

What vessels can be used for blood collection?

A 
Marginal ear vein
Central auricular artery
Jugular
Cephalic
Lateral saphenous
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7
Q

What is the most common bacterial infection in rabbits?

A

Pasteurellosis

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8
Q

What is the causative agent of Pasteurellosis?

A

Pasturella multocida

Gram-negative cocccobacillus

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9
Q

What is the term that refers to the upper respiratory form of Pasteurellosis?

A

Snuffles

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10
Q

Where do most rabbits wipe the discharge from Pasteurellosis?

A

Their forelimbs

Evidence of the discharge will show on the feet

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of Pasteurellosis

A 
Sneezing
Presence of mucopurulent discharge from the nares
Conjunctivitis
Bronchopneumonia
Pyometra
Orchitis
Abscesses on the neck & mammary glands
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12
Q

What Pasteurellosis become?

A

Chronic

May develop into fatal septicemia

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13
Q

What is it called when rabbits have otitis media or otitis interna from the accumulation of pus and fluid in the inner ear from Pasteurellosis?

A

Torticollis

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14
Q

How is Pasteurellosis transmitted?

A

Direst contact

Aerosol contamination

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15
Q

How do you diagnose Pasteurellosis?

A

Indirect fluorescent antibody or ELISA

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16
Q

How do you treat Pasteurellosis?

A

Penicillin
Chloramphenicol
Enrofloxacin

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17
Q

What can prolonged antibiotic therapy cause in rabbits?

A

Fatal diarrhea and reinfection is common

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18
Q

What bacteria causes pneumonia?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

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19
Q

What bacteria causes respiratory disease?

A 
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella pneumonia
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Pneumococci
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20
Q

How is pneumonia transmitted?

A

Direct contact
Aerosol
Fomites

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21
Q

What species is Bordetella bronchiseptica fatal in so rabbits should not be housed with?

A

Guinea pigs and other rodents

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22
Q

What is the treatment for Pneumonia in rabbits?

A

No known treatment available

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23
Q

What is the bacterial disease that is causes enterotoxin-induced secretory diarrhea?

A

Enterotoxemia

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24
Q

What bacteria causes Enterotoxemia?

A

Escherichia coli

Clostridium spiroforme

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25
Q

What is the treatment for Enterotoxemia?

A

Lincomycin
Clindamycin
Erythromycin

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26
Q

What is Mucoid Enteropathy caused by?

A

A number of infectious entities
E.coli
Clostridium spiroforme

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27
Q

How is Mucoid Enteropathy transmitted?

A

Mechanisms are unclear
May be part of the normal flora
Antibiotic-induced enterotoxemia can be a factor

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28
Q

Who primarily gets Mucoid enteropathy?

A

Young rabbits

7 to 10 weeks old

29
Q

What are the clinical signs of Mucoid Enteropathy?

A 
Mucus hypersecretion to profuse watery diarrhea
Constipation
Depressed
Crouched posture
Rough coat
Distended abdomen
Hypothermia
30
Q

How can you diagnose Mucoid Enteropathy?

A

Presence of mucous-covered or gelatinous feces

Post-mortem examination

31
Q

What provides a measure of protection from Mucoid Enteropathy?

A

High-fiber diet

32
Q

How do you treat Mucoid Enteropathy?

A

Treatment is not usually successful

Infected animals often die within a week

33
Q

What is a zoonotic disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes?

A

LIsteriosis

34
Q

How is listeriosis spread?

A

the blood to the liver, spleen and gravid uterus

35
Q

What can occur with Listeriosis?

A

Sudden death or abortion seen in the late stages of pregnancy

36
Q

What are the clinical signs of Listeriosis?

A

Anorexia
Depression
Weight loss

37
Q

What is the treatment for Listeriosis?

A

Treatment is rarely attempted

38
Q

What disease is caused by Clostridium piliforme, a gram-negative, spore-forming, flagellated bacterium?

A

Tyzzer’s disease

39
Q

What are the clinical signs of Tyzzer’s Disease?

A

Diarrhea
Dehydration
Anorexia

40
Q

How do you treat Tyzzer’s disease?

A

Tetracycline compounds added to drinking water for 4 to 5 days

41
Q

What causes Tyzzer’s Disease?

A

Poor sanitation
Overcrowding
Improper sanitation
Not reducing stress

42
Q

Why is Tyzzer’s disease difficult to eradicate from animal facilities?

A

Due to the ongoing presence of resistant spores

43
Q

What disease is defined as inflamed mammary glands?

A

Mastitis

44
Q

What is referred to as “Blue bag”

A

The initial red, swollen appearance of the mammae that progresses to blue

45
Q

What can mastitis develop into?

A

Generalized septicemia that is usually fatal

46
Q

What is the causative agent for mastitis?

A

Staphylococcus

47
Q

What are the clinical signs of Mastitis?

A

Anorexic
Febrile
Polydipsia

48
Q

How do you treat Mastitis?

A

Penicillin, cephalosporins, amnioglycosides, chloraphenicol, tetracyclines, high fiber diet

49
Q

Can kits from an infected doe be fostered by another doe?

A

No because they can spread the infection to the foster doe

50
Q

What is referred to as Vent disease or spirochetosis?

A

Treponematosis

51
Q

What is the causative agent of Treponematosis?

A

Treponema cuniculi

52
Q

What are the clinical signs of Treponematosis?

A

Lesions of the genital region that initially appears as small ulcers that become covered with thick scabs

53
Q

How is Treponematosis transmitted?

A

Venerally

Transplacentally

54
Q

What is the incubation period of Treponematosis?

A

3 to 6 weeks

55
Q

How do you diagnose Treponematosis?

A

Darkfield microscopy

Serologic testing

56
Q

How do you treat Treponematosis?

A

Penicillin IP once weekly for 3 weeks
High fiber diet
Antidiarrheals

57
Q

What is caused by the gram-negative Francisella tularensis?

A

Tularemia

58
Q

What is known as rabbit fever?

A

Tularemia

59
Q

Tularemia is primarily a disease of what?

A 
Wild rabbits (Sylvilagus spp)
Hares (lepus spp)
60
Q

What is the transmission of Tularemia?

A 
Direct contact 
Bite wounds
Inhalation
Ingestion
Transmission of arthropod vectors
61
Q

What are the clinical signs of Tularemia?

A

Affected animals will often die before clinical signs are evident

62
Q

What are the clinical signs of Tularemia in humans?

A

Fever
Lymphadenopathy
May be fatal if not treated

63
Q

What is primarily reported in young rabbits, pregnant does and the causative agent is Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteriditis?

A

Salmonellosis

64
Q

How is Salmonellosis transmitted in rabbits?

A

Direct contact

Fecal contamination of food and water

65
Q

What is the treatment of Salmonellosis?

A

Treatment is not usually attempted. Treated rabbits are more likely to become carries of Salmonellosis

66
Q

What is caused by certain serotypes of Escherichia coli?

A

Colibacillosis

67
Q

What is not common in the US but is fairly common in Europe?

A

Colibacillosis

68
Q

Survivors of Colibacillosis will have what?

A

Stunted growth

Exotic and Laboratory Animals (22 decks)

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