Amphibians and Fish Flashcards

1
Q

Anurans (Salentia)

A

Largest group
American toad
Xenopus (Aquatic frogs, tongueless)
Leopard frog

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2
Q

Urodela (Caudata)

A

Newts and salamanders
Axolotls
Sirens

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3
Q

Apoda (Gymnophiona)

A

Legless amphibians

Koh Tao Island caecilian

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4
Q

Most commonly used in biomedical research

A

African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
Mudpuppies (Necturus)
Leopard, meadow or grass frogs (Rana pipiens)
Salamanders (Ambystoma)

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5
Q

Amphibians in clinics

A
Dwarf clawed frogs
Ornate horned frogs
Frogs
Toads
Poison dart frogs
Tree frogs
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6
Q

Fish in biomedical research

A

Zebrafish
Trout
Salmon
Catfish

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7
Q

Fish in homes

A

Goldfish

Koi

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8
Q

What organisms do fish and amphibians have that are associated with human disease?

A
Aeromonas hydrophila (atypical)
Mycobacteria
Campylobacter species
Pseudomonas species
Salmonella species
Vibrio species
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9
Q

Amphibians are used as Animal models for what?

A
Embryology
Pharmacology
Skin permeability
Limb regeneration
Agriculture waste
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10
Q

Fish are used as Animal Models for what?

A
Aquaculture
Fish health
Husbandry
Aging
Vision
Locomotion in cells
Leukemia
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11
Q

Aglomerular toadfish are used in what studies?

A

Renal tubular secretion

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12
Q

Artic species of fish are used in what studies?

A

Antifreeze-like molecules

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13
Q

Muscles of the electrical eel and cooper accumulation in white perch are used in what studies?

A

Electrical activity

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14
Q

Indian catfish venom and antineoplastic agents in shark tissue are used in what studies?

A

Pharmacological active compounds

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15
Q

Carp and monkfish are used in what studies?

A

Type 1 diabetes

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16
Q

Rainbow trout are used in what studies?

A

Hepatocellular carcinom

17
Q

Japanese puffer fish are used in what studies?

A

Muscular dystrophy

18
Q

Swordtail and platyfish hybrids are used in what studies?

A

Malignant melanoma

19
Q

What species of fish are commonly used in research?

A

Zebrafish

20
Q

What studies are zebrafish used in?

A
Neuroscience
Carcinogenicity
Mutagenesis
Toxicology
Genetics
Hemophilia
21
Q

The nearly transparent embryo of the Zebrafish allows for what?

A

Observation of development

22
Q

What are the common characteristics of Amphibian skin?

A

Highly glandular
Permeable
Two types of skin glands

23
Q

What are the two types of amphibian skin glands?

A

Mucous

Granular

24
Q

The mucous skin gland does what?

A

Keeps the skin moist to allow for respiration through the skin
Prevents desiccation

25
Q

What does the granular skin gland do?

A

Secrete toxins

Defense

26
Q

Where does gas exchange occur in amphibians

A

At the alveoli and through the skin

27
Q

Compare the heart in amphibians and fish

A

Amphibians have a three-chambered heart

Fish have a two-chambered heart

28
Q

Where does gas exchange occur in fish?

A

In the small vessels of the gills

29
Q

What water temperature is suitable for most species of fish?

A

76-78 degrees F

30
Q

What is acceptable water temperatures for goldfish and other coldwater species?

A

65 to 68 degrees F

31
Q

Adult amphibians are what?

A

Carnivorous or insectivores

32
Q

Tadpoles are what?

A

Herbivores

33
Q

Why should you always wear gloves or wet hands when handling amphibians?

A

To avoid damaging the skin and mucus coating

34
Q

Why do need to handle salamanders gently?

A

So you do not damage to the exposed gill fronds

35
Q

Where do you give fish IM injections?

A

Epaxial muscles

Intraperitoneal injections

36
Q

Where do you get blood on a fish?

A

Caudal tail vein