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Exotic and Laboratory Animals > Birds Common diseases and disorders > Flashcards

Birds Common diseases and disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is caused by obligate gram-negative intracellular bacterium?

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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2
Q

Is Chlamydiosis zoonotic?

A

Yes.

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3
Q

What does Chlamydia psittaci cause in humans?

A

Psittacosis

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4
Q

What does Chlamydia psittaci cause in birds?

A

Avian chlamydiosis

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5
Q

Chlamydiosis is also referred to as?

A

Ornithosis

Parrot fever

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of Chlamydiosis?

A 
Pneumonia
Ocular and nasal ocular discharge
Greenish-yellow diarrhea
Dehydration
Weight loss
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7
Q

How do you diagnose Chlamydiosis?

A

Cell culture
Immunofluorescence test
Polymerase chain reaction tests

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8
Q

What virus is found in fledgling budgerigars, is nonenveloped that primarily infects young birds and causes acute death in psittacines?

A

Avian polyomavirus (APV)

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9
Q

For what virus is a vaccine available?

A

Avian polyomavirus

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10
Q

What is highly contagious and causes acute disease of psittacines and is associated with stress?

A

Herpesvirus

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11
Q

How is herpesvirus transmitted?

A

Via direct contact and by aerosol or fecal contamination of food or water

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12
Q

What species of birds are often involved in herpesvirus outbreaks?

A

Macaws
Amazon parrots
Monk parakeets
Conures

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of herpesvirus?

A

Bright yellow urates with scant feces and Acute death in well-fleshed birds

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14
Q

Most infected birds will have what?

A

Enlarged liver
Splenomegaly
Renomegaly

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15
Q

What is associated with herpesvirus of the strain that also causes acute presentation of Pacheco’s disease, tends to occur as a flock problem, is characterized by erythematous prolapsed cloacal tissue and is removed surgically or via cautery?

A

Cloacal Papillomatosis

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16
Q

What disease is seen more frequently in African greys, Cockatoos, and Conures and is first seen as early as 10 weeks of age?

A

Proventricular dilatation disease (PPD)

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17
Q

What are the signs of Proventricular dilatation disease?

A

Inflammation of the central and peripheral nervous system

Crop stasis, anorexia, cachexia and incoordination

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18
Q

Proventricular dilatation disease is the infectious agent that has recently been proposed to cause what disease?

A

Avian bornavirus

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19
Q

How do you diagnose Proventricular dilatation disease?

A

PCR testing

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20
Q

How do you treat Proventricular dilatation disease?

A

NSAID drugs

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21
Q

What is caused by a circovirus that may be seen in neonates in an infected nursery, where the majority of birds develop lesions between 6 months and 3 years of age?

A

Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD)

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22
Q

How is Psittacine beak and feather disease transmitted?

A

Feather dust
Dander
Feces

23
Q

What are the clinical signs of Psittacine beak and feather disease?

A

Abnormal feather growth and lack of powder on the beak

Germinal tissues of the beak are affected resulting in a misshapen and crumbly beak

24
Q

How is Psittacine beak and feather disease diagnosed?

A

PCR

Biopsies of affected feather follicles

25
Q

What has many varieties, needs an injury or vectors (mosquitos) to allow the virus to enter the body and is associated with imported Amazon parrots and macaws?

A

Avian Poxvirus

26
Q

What are the clinical signs of Avian Poxvirus?

A

Lesions around the face, eyelids, and commissures of the mouth, on the feet, and under the wings

27
Q

What is the treatment for Avian (Poxvirus)?

A

Supportive therapy

28
Q

What is a mosquito-borne disease that primarily infects horses, humans, and birds and has rapidly spread throughout the US in the last few years?

A

Avian West Nile Virus

29
Q

What species of birds appear to be somewhat resistant to West Nile Virus?

A

Psittacines

30
Q

Is there a vaccine for Avian West Nile Virus?

A

There is no commercially available avian vaccine in North America

31
Q

What is normally caused by poor mixed microwave foods that are fed to neonates?

A

Crop burns

32
Q

Where does crop burn normally occur?

A

In the right ventral portion of the crop

33
Q

What happens in birds with crop burn?

A

Crop and skin necrosis forming a fistula.

Food will leak from the fistula

34
Q

What is required to close the fistula?

A

Surgical anesthesia

35
Q

What might birds ingest to cause a toxicity?

A 
Cleaning products
Prescription medications
Toiletries
Tobacco
Matches
Plants
36
Q

What are the symptoms of toxicity in birds?

A

GI upset to seizures

37
Q

What are plants that are toxic to birds

A 
Avocado
Black locust
Oak
Oleander
Rhododendron
Clematis
Dieffenbachia
Foxglove
Lily of the valley
Lupine
Philodendron
Poinsettia
Yew
Crown vetch
38
Q

What is the failure of an egg to pass through the oviduct at a normal rate?

A

Egg retention

39
Q

What birds is egg retention seen as a common emergency?

A

Budgies
Canaries
Finches
Lovebirds

40
Q

What are some causes of egg retention?

A

Malformed eggs
Vitamin deficiencies
Obesity

41
Q

What are the clinical signs of egg retention?

A 
Abdominal distension and straining
Lack of droppings
depression
Sitting
Tail wagging
Walking with widespread legs
42
Q

What is the treatment of egg retention?

A

Supportive care or surgery

43
Q

What often results from a traumatic fall or injury to the bird?

A

Broken blood feathers

44
Q

What is the most important immediate therapy for a prolapsed cloaca?

A

To keep the prolapsed tissue moist and clean

45
Q

What ailments can lead to a prolapsed cloaca?

A

Egg stasis
Papillomas
Chronic masturbation
Coelomic masses

46
Q

Why can mammal bites from a pet dog or cat be detrimental to the avian patient?

A

The oral cavity of the cat is especially dangerous since it carries Pasteurella multocida which requires immediate antibiotic therapy

47
Q

Wing fractures are usually immobilized with what kind of bandage?

A

Figure 8 bandage

48
Q

A body wrap is applied when what bone is also fractured?

A

Humerus

49
Q

How long should broken wings be bandaged for?

A

3 to 5 weeks

50
Q

What are lower leg fractures stabilized with until healing occurs (4 to 6 weeks)

A

Splints

51
Q

Splints will often worsen which fractures?

A

Femur

Upper tibiotarsus

52
Q

What kind of splint can be used to treat fractures of the lower third of the tibiotarsus and the entire tarsometatarsus?

A

Schroeder-Thomas splint

53
Q

What is used for simple lower leg fractures?

A

Robert Jones bandage

54
Q

What is used for broken toes or pododermatitis?

A

Ball bandage

Exotic and Laboratory Animals (22 decks)

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