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Exotic and Laboratory Animals > Laboratory Rat > Flashcards

Laboratory Rat Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two most common species of rats?

A

Rattus norvegicus

Rattus rattus

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2
Q

What is the common name of Rattus norvegicus

A

Brown or Norway rat

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3
Q

What is the common name of Rattus rattus

A

Back, house, roof or ship rat

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4
Q

Which rat was responsible for the spread of the “Black Death”

A

Rattus rattus

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5
Q

What is the average life span of rats?

A

26-40 months

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6
Q

What is the age of puberty of rats?

A

6-8 weeks

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7
Q

What is the estrus cycle of rats?

A

4-5 days

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8
Q

What is the length of gestation of rats?

A

21-23 days

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9
Q

What is the average litter size of rats?

A

6-13 pups

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10
Q

What is the weaning age of rats?

A

21 days

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11
Q

Do rats have sweat glands?

A

No except for those on the hairless foot pads

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12
Q

How many digits do rats have on their forelimbs?

A

4

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13
Q

How many digits do rats have on their hindlimbs?

A

5

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14
Q

What is the type of lacrimal gland called?

A

Harderian gland

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15
Q

Where is the harderian gland located?

A

It occupies much of the orbit of the eye

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16
Q

What is the discharge of the harderian gland confused with?

A

Blood. This is a normal secretion of the gland

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17
Q

What is the condition called when the secretions of the harderian gland increase when the rats are under stress?

A

Chromodacryorrhea

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18
Q

How many pairs salivary glands do rats have?

A

3

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19
Q

what is the condition called when the teeth grow continuously throughout life?

A

Hypsodontic

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20
Q

What is the brown fat of rats called?

A

Hibernation tissue

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21
Q

Why do rats make a poor model for heart studies?

A

Their cardiac tissue is more closely related to fish

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22
Q

Do rats have a gall bladder ?

A

No

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23
Q

Why are rats used in dental research?

A

Because their molars closely resemble humans

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24
Q

Why are rats used in toxicology studies?

A

Due to the inability to vomit

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25
Q

What are purpose-bred rats?

A

They are susceptible to specific human diseases

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26
Q

Why are rats good models for behavioral studies?

A

Due to their unique ability to adapt to new environments

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27
Q

Wistar strain

A

Albino, outbred

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28
Q

Sprague-Dawley (CRL:SD)

A

Albino, outbred

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29
Q

Long Evans

A

Hooded, black & white, inbred

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30
Q

Gunn Strain

A

Hooded, inbred

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31
Q

Fischer344 Strain

A

Albino, inbred

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32
Q

Lewis Strain

A

Albino, inbred

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33
Q

Buffalo Strain

A

Albino inbred

34
Q

ACI Strain

A

Brown inbred

35
Q

How do you determine gender?

A

Males have a larger genital papilla than females and a greater distance between the papilla and anus

36
Q

What do rats look when they are born?

A

Hairless
Blind
Deaf

37
Q

Monogamous Mating System

A

One female is bred to a single male

38
Q

Polygamous Mating System

A

Two or more females are bred to a single male

39
Q

Intensive Breeding method

A

Continuous housing of male and female animals

40
Q

What are the disadvantages to the intensive breeding system?

A

Effectively takes advantage of the postpartum estrus
Higher incidence of fighting between adults
Greater likelihood of injury to offspring
Higher stress to females because they are nearly always pregnant or nursing

41
Q

Nonintensive breeding method

A

Separate housing for the male and female while the female is pregnant

42
Q

What are rats bred specifically for?

A

Their susceptibility to specific diseases

43
Q

Stock

A

Refers to a type of rat that has been randomly bred

44
Q

Stock =

A

Out-bred

45
Q

Out-bred stocks

A

Have similar characteristics but are not genetically identical

46
Q

Strain

A

Refers to the type of rate that has been inbred

47
Q

When is a strain considered inbred?

A

When at least 20 generations of brother-sister or parent-offspring mate

48
Q

In-bred strains

A

Concentrates undesirable traits as well as desirable ones

49
Q

What decreases with inbreeding

A

Genetic variability

50
Q

What increases genetic variability?

A

Outbreeding

51
Q

What is a group of rats called?

A

Mischief

52
Q

What helps keep the incisors from overgrowing?

A

Continuous chewing

53
Q

What cages are rats usually housed in?

A

Solid-bottomed shoebox cages with wire lids

54
Q

What kind of bedding should be used?

A

Soft
Absorbent
Dust free
Nontoxic

55
Q

What kind of bedding should not be used?

A

Soft woods such as cedar because they contain compounds that affect hepatic enzymes and can cause respiratory problems

56
Q

What temperature is the ideal temperature to keep rats in?

A

65 to 75 degrees F

57
Q

What is the best humidity to keep rats in?

A

40% to 60%

58
Q

What does low humidity predispose rats to?

A

Ringtail

59
Q

What causes rats to have audiogenic seziures?

A

Loud noises

60
Q

How much water should a rat consume?

A

13 to 20 mls per 100 grams of body weight per day

61
Q

How much food should a rat consume?

A

5g per 100g of body weight perday

62
Q

What are rats?

A

Coprophagic

63
Q

What is the shelf life of most commercial rat chows?

A

6 months

64
Q

What other food items may pet rats be given?

A

Fruits
Vegetables
Seeds

65
Q

What are 4 types of identification

A

Microchip
Ear Tag
Ear punch
Tattoo

66
Q

What is the maximum volume to be injected into a rat SQ?

A

0.2ml/10g

67
Q

What is the maximum volume to be injected into a rat IP?

A

0.2ml/10g

68
Q

What is the maximum volume to be injected into a rat IM

A

0.1-0.3mL/ site

69
Q

What is the maximum volume to be injected into a rat IV?

A

0.05mL/10g

70
Q

What is the maximum volume to be injected into a rat IO?

A

0.1ml/site

71
Q

Where can you give a rat SQ injections?

A

Nape of neck

Loose skin over abdome

72
Q

Where do you give a rat IP injections?

A

Lower left quadrant

Head positioned downward

73
Q

Is IM injections recommended?

A

No because of the small muscle mass

74
Q

What methods are appropriate for evaluating the degree of anesthesia in a rat?

A

Toe pinch

Respiratory rate

75
Q

What are common Anesthetic and Tranquilizing Agents used in rats?

A 
Isoflurane (inhalation)
Acepromazine (IP)
Diazepam (IP)
Ketamine/Acepromazine (IP)
Ketamine/Xylazine (IP)
Propofol (IV)
76
Q

What determines the method of blood collection that will be used on a rat?

A

Volume of blood needed
Age of the animal
Skill level

77
Q

What is the total blood volume of a rat?

A

50ml/kg

78
Q

What percentage of blood should not be withdrawn at one time from a rat?

A

No more than 10%

79
Q

What vein can be used to collect a larger volume of blood?

A

Tail vein

80
Q

What other veins may be used but may require anesthesia

A 
Jugular vein 
Cranial venal cava
Lateral saphenous
Retrooribital sinus
Cardiocentesis

Exotic and Laboratory Animals (22 decks)

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