Wiggs

Question 1

What is Fluorosis and what is the consequence?

Answer 1

Fluorosis is excess fluoride presence during tooth development and will result in hypocalcification of enamel.

Question 2

Are hypocalcification and enamel hypoplasia often found together?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

List the 3 phases of tooth eruption

Answer 3

(1) Preeruptive phase
(2) Prefunctional phase
(3) Functional phase

Question 4

Define the each of the phases of tooth eruption:

(1) Preeruptive phase
(2) Prefunctional phase
(3) Functional phase

Answer 4

(1) Preeruptive phase - the movement of the dental germ within the developing jaws
(2) Prefunctional phase - begins once the crown has formed and the root begins forming.
(3) Functional phase - begins when the tooth comes into occlusion (and ends when when tooth is lost, ankylosed or after death).

Question 5

What is a premordial cyst?

Answer 5

During development if the a cyst forms prior to the apposition of enamel of dentin it is called a premordial cyst.

Question 6

Where does the permanent maxillary PM4 erupt in relation to its deciduous counterpart (508 and 608)?

Answer 6

PM4 erupts buccal and slightly distal to its deciduous counterpart. This is opposite to most of the other permanent teeth.

Question 7

What is the capillary pressures within the periodontal ligament of primates?

Answer 7

20-30mmHg ; 20-26g/cm2

Question 8

List the six types of tooth movement from easiest to most difficult

Answer 8

Extrusion, tipping, radicular (root mov’t), rotational, translation, intrusion.

Question 9

Where is the center of rotation / fulcrum, during tipping movement?

Answer 9

The fulcrum created in tipping occurs aproximately at the junction of the middle and apical thirds of the root. The lighter the force, the more apical will be the fulcrum.

Question 10

When tipping, does the crown or root move?

Answer 10

They both move but in opposite directions.

Question 11

When tipping a tooth, is there more movement coronal or apical to the fulcrum?

Answer 11

There is more movement of the crown and root that is coronal to the fulcrum - they move greater than the apical portion of the tooth.

Question 12

During radicular tooth movement, where is the fulcrum?

Answer 12

The fulcrum is found approximately at the junction of the middle and cervical thirds of the tooth.

Question 13

Describe how radicular movement is clinically performed.

Answer 13

The coronal tip of the tooth is held stationary while compression or tension is applied near the cervical region of the tooth.

Question 14

Describe translation movement of a tooth.

Answer 14

Translation is the movement of the crown and the root in the esame direction.

Question 15

Define Thecodont

Answer 15

Teeth firmly in sockets using gomphosis.

Question 16

Define Acrodont

Answer 16

Teeth ankylosed to the alveolar bone. No socket and no true root structure. Teeth that are lost are replaced by new ones.

Question 17

What has a stronger attachment: Acrodont or pleurodont teeth

Answer 17

Thecodont teeth.

Pleurodont teeth are teeth that grow from a pocket on the innnerside of the jawbone. There is a larger surface area of tooth in contact with the bone and so attachment is stronger but NOT AS STRONG as THECODONT attachment.

Question 18

List in order of attachment strength:

Acrodont,

Thecodont,

Pleurodont

Answer 18

Weakest to strongest:

Acrodont, pleurodont, thecodont

Question 19

State if the following animals have secodont, bundodont, lophodont or selenodont cheek teeth:

Swine

Cattle

Horses

Elephant

Chincilla

Human

Dogs

Cats

Bears

Rhinoceros

Giraff

Deer

Answer 19

Swine - Bunodont (low rounded cusps on occlusal surface - for crushing and grinding)

Cattle - selenodont - (cusps that form a crescent shaped ridge pattern)

Horses - selenodont

Elephant - Lophodont - cusps interconnected by ridges or lophs of enamel

Human - bunodont

Dogs - secodont (cutting tubercles / cusps to provide a cutting or shearing action ie. carnassial teeth) and bunodont molars

Cats - secodont

Bears - bundodont

Rhinoceros - lophodont

Giraff - selenodont

Deer - selenodont

Question 20

Label each of these three types of cheek teeth:

Answer 20

Question 22

A unilateral cleft lip occurs when migration fails to occur between ____ and the _____.

Answer 22

between one maxillary process and the medial nasal process.

Question 23

A bilateral cleft lip occurs wehn _____ fail to migrate and do not meet the ______.

Answer 23

when both maxillary processes faile to migrate to meet the medial nasal process.

Question 24

A unilateral cleft palate occurs when ____________ fails to fuse with the _____________.

Answer 24

when one of the palatal plates of the maxillary process fails to fuse with the nasal septum

Question 25

A bilateral cleft palate occurs when __________ fail to fuse with the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

when both palatal plates of the maxillary process fail to fuse with the opposite plates at the nasal septum