What should we focus on? Just know everything. Flashcards

1
Q

What is clinical proteinuria defined as?

A

Loss of >500mg/day

normally we excrete 10-100mg/day

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2
Q

What is a critical value for glucose on urine dipstick?

A

> 1000mg/dl with small, medium, or large ketones

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3
Q

What is a critical value for urine colony count?

A

> 50,000 colonies/mL

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4
Q

Persistent pHs greater than 7.0 are associated with?

A

calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and magnesium-ammonium phosphate stones

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5
Q

pH’s below 5.5 are associated with?

A

cystine and uric acid stones.

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6
Q

An increase in urobilinogen indicates?

A

hemolytic anemia, cirrhosis or viral hepatitis

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7
Q

Urobilinogen is absent in?

A

total biliary obstructions

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8
Q

a dark yellow or greenish brown color of urine generally suggests?

A

bilirubin in the urine seen with pt’s with obstructions of the bile duct.

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9
Q

A dipstick can detect as few as how many RBCs in a dipstick?

A

1-2 RBCs PHF, All positive dipsticks require further evaluations.

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10
Q

What value of RBCs is considered abnormal?

A

> 3 RBCs PHF

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11
Q

A normal healthy person may have the presence of RBCs after exercise.

A

True

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12
Q

Persistent RBCs may indicate

A

1) Glomerulonephritis
2) Kidney stones
3) Cancer
4) Infection

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13
Q

Myoglobin may also lead to a false positive and is highly suggestive of?

A

Rhabdomyolysis

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14
Q

Potentially significant pyuria is defined as?

A

> 3 WBCs PHF

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15
Q

What can give a semi-quantitive estimate of pyuria, thus can be considered an indirect test for UTI’s?

A

Leukocyte Esterase and WBCs

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16
Q

What is another indirect indicator of a UTI?

17
Q

Glucose is filtered where?

18
Q

When glucose reaches a level of ___ in the blood, the ability to absorb glucose is exceeded.

A

(will find glucose in the urine) 180mg/dl

19
Q

Glycosuria is suggestive of

20
Q

When assessing for glucose what else must be tested?

21
Q

Ketonuria and glucose is suggestive of?

A

uncontrolled type 1 diabetes

22
Q

What are cylindrical masses of glycoprotein that form in the tubules?

23
Q

What type of casts may be found in urine and are clear?

A

Hyaline casts

24
Q

What are cellular casts indicative of?

A

intrinsic renal disease

25
WBC casts suggest?
Intrarenal inflammation
26
Epithelial cell casts suggest?
Tubular destruction
27
RBC casts are seen in?
Glomerulonephritis
28
What should be first considered when microorganisms are found in the urine?
Contamination
29
What level is normal for epithelial cells?
1 PHF
30
What is an increase in number of epithelial cells indicative of?
acute tubular necrosis or inflammation as seen in glomerulonephritis.