What should we focus on? Just know everything.

Question 1

What is clinical proteinuria defined as?

Answer 1

Loss of >500mg/day

normally we excrete 10-100mg/day

Question 2

What is a critical value for glucose on urine dipstick?

Answer 2

> 1000mg/dl with small, medium, or large ketones

Question 3

What is a critical value for urine colony count?

Answer 3

> 50,000 colonies/mL

Question 4

Persistent pHs greater than 7.0 are associated with?

Answer 4

calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and magnesium-ammonium phosphate stones

Question 5

pH’s below 5.5 are associated with?

Answer 5

cystine and uric acid stones.

Question 6

An increase in urobilinogen indicates?

Answer 6

hemolytic anemia, cirrhosis or viral hepatitis

Question 7

Urobilinogen is absent in?

Answer 7

total biliary obstructions

Question 8

a dark yellow or greenish brown color of urine generally suggests?

Answer 8

bilirubin in the urine seen with pt’s with obstructions of the bile duct.

Question 9

A dipstick can detect as few as how many RBCs in a dipstick?

Answer 9

1-2 RBCs PHF, All positive dipsticks require further evaluations.

Question 10

What value of RBCs is considered abnormal?

Answer 10

> 3 RBCs PHF

Question 11

A normal healthy person may have the presence of RBCs after exercise.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Persistent RBCs may indicate

Answer 12

1) Glomerulonephritis
2) Kidney stones
3) Cancer
4) Infection

Question 13

Myoglobin may also lead to a false positive and is highly suggestive of?

Answer 13

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 14

Potentially significant pyuria is defined as?

Answer 14

> 3 WBCs PHF

Question 15

What can give a semi-quantitive estimate of pyuria, thus can be considered an indirect test for UTI’s?

Answer 15

Leukocyte Esterase and WBCs

Question 16

What is another indirect indicator of a UTI?

Answer 16

Nitrite

Question 17

Glucose is filtered where?

Answer 17

Kidneys

Question 18

When glucose reaches a level of ___ in the blood, the ability to absorb glucose is exceeded.

Answer 18

(will find glucose in the urine) 180mg/dl

Question 19

Glycosuria is suggestive of

Answer 19

Diabetes

Question 20

When assessing for glucose what else must be tested?

Answer 20

Ketones

Question 21

Ketonuria and glucose is suggestive of?

Answer 21

uncontrolled type 1 diabetes

Question 22

What are cylindrical masses of glycoprotein that form in the tubules?

Answer 22

Casts

Question 23

What type of casts may be found in urine and are clear?

Answer 23

Hyaline casts

Question 24

What are cellular casts indicative of?

Answer 24

intrinsic renal disease

Question 25

WBC casts suggest?

Answer 25

Intrarenal inflammation

Question 26

Epithelial cell casts suggest?

Answer 26

Tubular destruction

Question 27

RBC casts are seen in?

Answer 27

Glomerulonephritis

Question 28

What should be first considered when microorganisms are found in the urine?

Answer 28

Contamination

Question 29

What level is normal for epithelial cells?

Answer 29

1 PHF

Question 30

What is an increase in number of epithelial cells indicative of?

Answer 30

acute tubular necrosis or inflammation as seen in glomerulonephritis.