Day 1 madness Flashcards
What does urinalysis test for?
- Renal function/disorder
- Endocrine or Metabolic function/disorder
- Urinary tract infection
- Systemic diseases
What is a cost effective in-vitro diagnostic test?
Urinalysis
What are the types of Non-instrumented Collection?
(a) First-morning void
(b) Random urine specimen
(c) Clean catch urine specimen
(d) 24-hour urine specimen
What are the types of instrumented collection?
(a) Urethral Catheteration
(b) Suprapubic Needle Aspiration
(c) Catheterization and Bladder Irrigation
Urine specimens should be analyzed while fresh, preferably within how many hours?
1-2 hours
If unable to test the urine specimen at time of delivery, refrigerate the specimen for what period of time?
3-6 hours prior to testing
Why can’t you keep urinalysis at room temperature?
it will begin to decompose and deliver inaccurate results
Urea splitting bacteria produces what at room temperature?
Amonia
How does ammonia decompose urine results?
combines with hydrogen ions to increase pH of the urine.
What does an increase in pH do?
dissolve any casts present
What will happen if glucose is present?
bacteria may use it as a source of energy resulting in false negative glycosuria.
Will certain urinary elements, such as blood cells and casts, deteriorate if left standing without any kind of preservative?
Yes
What are the types of non-instrumented collection?
- First-morning void
- random urine specimen
- clean catch urine specimen
- 24 hour
Reasons for first-morning void?
(a) Most concentrated
(b) Increase number of abnormal elements
(c) Decreased deterioration of formed elements
(d) Recommended specimen for chemical and microscopic examination
Reasons for random urines specimen?
(a) Collected anytime
(b) Most convenient and most common
(c) Can detect abnormalities but not as sensitive as first morning void
What is the specimen of choice method for bacterial cultures?
Clean catch urine specimen
Steps for clean catch urine specimen>?
1) May perform cultures within 12 hours after collection, only if specimen was refrigerated.
2) Genitalia must be cleaned with mild antiseptic solution
3) Collect midstream in a sterile container
4) 24-hour urine specimen
a) Gives quantitative results
b) Preservatives may be needed
Methods for instrument collection?
- Urethral Catheterization
- Suprapubic needle aspiration
- Catheterization and bladder irrigation
When is urethral catheterization used?
- commonly used on marked obese patient with difficulty in urine collection
- use only if no other way to collect urine
Is urethral catheterization recommended for bacteriological examination?
Nope
What is the urine collection of choice for infants and young children?>
Suprapubic Needle Aspiration
What is suprapubic needle aspiration used for?
Performed to confirm positive culture from disposable bag and prior to institution of specific therapy.
What method yields optimum cellular sample of bladder epithelium?
Catheterization and Bladder Irrigation
With vigorous transcatheter agitation of the bladder, how much saline is added into the bladder?
50-72 mL, bladder content is then removed for cytologic study
