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History: Industrialisation and the People 1783-1885 > What problems did Liverpool face on coming to office in 1812? What was the main impact of the Corn Law? > Flashcards

What problems did Liverpool face on coming to office in 1812? What was the main impact of the Corn Law? Flashcards

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1
Q

What had the successive governments before Liverpool fail to do?

A
  • bring an end to the French Wars
  • deal with the issue of Catholic Emancipation
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2
Q

What is a potential reason for why the successive governments before Liverpool failed to bring an end to the French wars?

A
  • they had very short terms in office so they could not showcase the full extent of what they could do
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3
Q

What were the first three years of Liverpool’s time in office dominated by?

A

bringing an end to the Napoleonic wars

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4
Q

What three major problems did Liverpool face when became PM in 1812?

A
  • the urgent need to reorganise government finances
  • the revival of working class radicalism
  • Catholic Emancipation
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5
Q

Who made up Liverpool’s cabinet when he came to office and what were their roles?

A
  • Addington; Home Secretary
  • Nicholas Vansittart; Chancellor of the Exchequer
  • Castlereagh; Foreign Secretary and Leader of house of Commons
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6
Q

How has Liverpool’s cabinet been described? Why did he form such a cabinet?

A
  • reactionary; harsh towards radicalism
  • Liverpool himself hated radicalism after being present at the Storming of Bastille July 14th 1789
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7
Q

What was the state of Britain when Liverpool came to power in 1812?

A
  • on verge of social, political and economic revolution due to distress and politicisation of lower class
  • manufacturing prosperity in certain sectors and trade opportunities in the New World
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8
Q

How has Liverpool been described?

A
  • uninspiring
  • a safe pair of hands
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9
Q

What was a difficulty Liverpool faced with his ministers?

A
  • they all had different views and personalities
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10
Q

Why did it prove difficult to hold a majority in the House of Commons?

A
  • Liverpool’s government were outmatched in debating skills by their Whig opposition
  • radicals were gaining more influence and being elected into Parliament
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11
Q

How did Liverpool describe his political orientation?

A
  • individual
  • pittite
    (- Whig)
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12
Q

Why was the use of patronage declining? What effect did this have on party politics?

A
  • to save money
  • parties became less fluid and more disciplined as roles were becoming for important and specific
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13
Q

How many sinecure offices did Liverpool remove between 1815 and 1822?

A

1800

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14
Q

What was the Queen Caroline affair?

A
  • describes the arduous build up to the divorce of George IV and Queen Caroline
  • angered the public
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15
Q

What happened in 1795 between the Prince Regent and Caroline of Brunswick? What was the nature of their marriage?

A
  • married
  • lived separately for 18 years
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16
Q

What did Caroline do in 1814?

A
  • move to Europe alone, without her husband the prince regent
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17
Q

What was the Milan Commission? When was this established?

A
  • committee to look for grounds for divorce
  • tried to find evidence of Caroline cheating
    (- ordered by the George IV/prince regent)
  • 1814
18
Q

Did Parliament know about the Milan Commission? When did they find out?

A
  • no
  • once Caroline tried to claim her position as Queen
19
Q

What happened on the 29th January 1820? What was the impact of this?

A
  • George III died
  • the couple became King and Queen of England
20
Q

What happened when Caroline tried to claim her position as Queen?

A
  • Milan Commission provided evidence of her having an affair
  • turned away from her husband’s coronation at Westminster Abbey
21
Q

What Bill was announced in Parliament? Was it passed? (Caroline affair)

A
  • Bill of Pain and Penalties
  • for an Act to deprive Caroline of the rights and title Queen Consort
  • to dissolve her marriage to George
  • to avoid going through the ecclesiastical courts.
  • it was passed 1820
22
Q

What was the impact on government after the bill was passed?

A
  • weakened
  • humiliating; expected to be more independent from the monarch at this stage
23
Q

When did Caroline die?

A
  • 3 weeks after being denied access to George IV’s coronation
24
Q

What was the impact of the Queen Caroline affair on the radical movement?

A
  • radicals saw it as an example of the cruelty of government
  • petitions were written to the Commons and Lords in defence of the Queen
  • the Queen’s loss of rights became synonymous with the loss of the rights of the people
25
Q

When was the Queen Caroline affair?

A
  • 1820
26
Q

When was the Corn Law passed?

A
  • 1815
27
Q

What was the Corn Law?

A
  • prohibited the import of grain until domestic prices reached 80 shillings
  • ensured that farmers could charge a high price for their grain without the fear of being undercut by cheaper imports
28
Q

Why was the Corn law passed?

A
  • good harvests of 1813, 1814, and 1815 = corn prices fell
  • higher taxation bc of the war
  • meant that farmers couldn’t repay bank loans and went bankrupt
29
Q

How did the Corn Law impact the labouring population? When were the riots?

A
  • couldn’t afford bread, a staple to their diet
  • riots in London in March 1815, where the homes of politicians were attacked
30
Q

Why did Liverpool defend the Corn law?

A
  • saw it as protecting jobs and national security in the long run
  • kept farmers and landowners happy, who dominated parliament
31
Q

What was the impact of the Corn law on the prices of Corn? How did prices change?

A
  • prices stayed high
  • bad harvests continued to reduce profits
  • prices fell from 71 to 56 shillings 1815 - 1816
32
Q

When did Liverpool’s attitude towards farmers begin to change? How was it changing?

A
  • 1822
  • farmers could no longer expect to dictate government policy
33
Q

When was the Corn law refined? How did it change?

A
  • 1828 sliding scale
  • as the price of British corn rose, the duty on imports would reduce
34
Q

What is the Corn Law an example of? What is this the opposite of?

A
  • protectionist measure; protecting domestic industries by tackling overseas competition by using duties on imports
  • free trade (adam smith); something that Liverpool followed
35
Q

What is protectionism?

A

government policies protect domestic industries by using duties on imports to tackle overseas competition

36
Q

What happened between 1821 and 1823 in Liverpool’s government?

A
  • his cabinet ‘reshuffled’
  • a new mood emerged
  • the government became stronger through self-reliance rather than dependency on the monarchy
37
Q

How did this ‘new mood’ emerge?

A
  • Liverpool’s administration began to win over many of its opposition, such as the Grenville Whigs
  • Duke of Wellington, Robert Peel, Huskisson and Canning moved into office
38
Q

How did Liverpool’s new government ‘reinvent’ itself?

A
  • began to move towards a more liberal approach than a reactionary one
39
Q

What did historians state about the success of Liverpool’s new government?

A
  • not as successful as it intended to be
  • no single move brought a break in earlier policies
40
Q

How was there continuity within Liverpool’s government?

A
  • division between his ministers remained
41
Q

Who were the High/Ultra Tories? When did they emerge?

A
  • emerged in the 1820s
  • reactionary and anti-reform Tory MPS, particularly in regards to parliamentary reform and catholic emancipation

History: Industrialisation and the People 1783-1885 (21 decks)

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