How reactionary and repressive was the legislation introduced by Liverpool's government between 1812 and 1827? Flashcards

1
Q

What was Brock’s opinion?

A
  • Liverpool’s government could be split into two phases:
    • reactionary (1812-1821)
    • liberal (1822-1827)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was Brown’s opinion?

A
  • Liverpool’s government was not this simple (referring to Brock)
  • it could not be split into two phases as it showed both reactionary and liberal elements throughout
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What evidence did Brock use?

A
  • there was a transition from reactionary to liberal ministers after Liverpool’s cabinet was reshuffled
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who were examples of reactionary ministers?

A
  • Addington
  • Vansittart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who were examples of liberal ministers?

A
  • Canning
  • Peel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did Brown say was wrong about the term ‘liberal Toryism’?

A
  • it was applied by historians and not used at the time
  • thus, MPs didn’t view themselves as liberal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did Brown say about the division of government?

A
  • MPs were divided by the issue of Catholic Emancipation not liberal vs reactionary
  • this divide was seen even with the ‘liberal’ cabinet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Brown suggest about why the later cabinet was more liberal?

A
  • the state of the economy was more stable from 1821-27, meaning there was less radicalism
  • this allowed more reform to take place
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Brown say about the continuity in government?

A
  • liberal reforms were proposed/discussed by the older cabinet
  • ‘reactionary’ MPs remained in Parliament
  • similarities of the years before 1822 outweigh the differences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was the corn law? What was the impact of this?

A
  • no foreign imports of corn until domestic prices reach 80 shillings
  • working class couldn’t afford bread = rioting = harsh repressive response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Was the corn law reactionary or liberal?

A
  • reactionary in response to the economic fallout
  • caused the working class to suffer
  • liberal overtime once the sliding scale was introduced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When was the corn law passed?

A

1815

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was the repeal of income tax? What was the impact of this?

A
  • income tax only a wartime measured = no longer needed
  • led to indirect taxes on commodities - lower class couldn’t afford amenities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Was the repeal of income tax reactionary or liberal?

A
  • liberal; reduced government intervention and was a ‘free trade’ method rather than protectionism
  • reactionary: indirect taxes impacted the lower class negatively
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When was the repeal of income tax?

A

1816

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the Game Laws? What was the impact of this?

A
  • to discourage poaching via harsh penalties
  • due to an increase in poaching due to the corn laws/ poor trying to implement into their poor diet
  • limited access to food for the lower class = added to food riots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Was the Game Laws reactionary or liberal?

A
  • reactionary
  • worsened conditions for working class
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When was the Game Laws?

A

1816

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What was the suspension of Habeas Corpus? What was the impact of it?

A
  • those arrested weren’t given a fair trial
  • passed in conjunction with the Seditious Meetings Act
  • breach on peoples rights & less democratic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Was the suspension of Habeas Corpus reactionary or Liberal?

A
  • reactionary
  • repressive response to radicalism, but Liverpool still felt justified
21
Q

When was the suspension of Habeas Corpus?

A

1817

22
Q

What was the truck act? What was the impact of this?

A
  • to stop employers ‘trucking’ and giving out wages in goods instead of cash
  • employers earnt less
  • workers could afford more in theory
  • some workers may have lost access to certain goods
23
Q

Was the truck act reactionary or liberal?

A
  • liberal
  • responded to working class grievances
24
Q

When was the truck act?

A

1819

25
Q

What was the factory act? What was the impact of this?

A
  • banned the employment of children under 9
  • restricted the working day to 12 hours
  • due to pressure from philanthropists and radicals
  • employers earned less
  • employers resented it and used loopholes to ignore it
  • government didn’t have enough workers to enforce it
  • better working conditions in theory
26
Q

Was the factory act reactionary or liberal?

A
  • liberal; improved working conditions for working class
  • reactionary; limit to how far the government was willing to go (loopholes)
27
Q

When was the factory act?

A

1819

28
Q

What was the Six Acts? What was the impact of this?

A
  • series of repressive legislation in response to high levels of unrest and the peterloo massacre
  • made it easier to punish those involved in strike actions / riots
  • strengthened by the stamp duty which reduced the spread of radical ideas
29
Q

Was the Six Acts reactionary or liberal?

A
  • reactionary; repressive towards radicalism
30
Q

When was the Six Acts passed?

A

1819

31
Q

What was the return to Bank of England cash payments? What was the impact of them?

A
  • more stable economy as it had to be originally stopped because banknotes were overissued = inflation
  • value of British currency increased
  • enabled the siding scale of 1828 because the economy was stable
32
Q

Was the return to Bank of England cash payments reactionary or liberal?

A
  • liberal; stimulated the economy = working class had better access to amenities
33
Q

When was the return to Bank of England cash payments?

A

1819

34
Q

What was the repeal of the Combination Acts? What was the impact of this?

A
  • made strike action legal again
  • skilled workmen, led by Francis Place, said that they would avoid violence and work towards prosperity as the economy was stable
  • riots and radicalism rose after economic trade boom of 1822-1824 = Amending Act of 1825
  • short term positive impact
35
Q

What was the 1825 Amending Act?

A

made being out of work/disrupting workers illegal

36
Q

Was the repeal of the Combination acts reactionary or liberal?

A
  • liberal; responded to the grievances of workers
    • limited
  • reactionary response to strike action afterwards
37
Q

Was there any parliamentary reform during Liverpool’s tenure?

A

no

38
Q

What was the abolition of pillory? When was this?

A
  • banned punishment where someone was tied to a pole and humiliated in public
  • 1816
39
Q

What was the Gagging Act? When was this?

A
  • made it in offence to speak out against the King
  • 1817
40
Q

When was the Abolition of whipping of women?

A

1820

41
Q

What was the Frame Breaking act? When was this passed?

A
  • legal penalties for luddites
    -1812
42
Q

When was the Relief Acts (for dissenters) and Toleration Acts (unitarians)?

A

1812

43
Q

What is the pattern with reactionary legislation?

A
  • all passed before 1822 with the exception of the 1825 Amending Acts
44
Q

What is the pattern with liberal legislation?

A

passed throughout Liverpool’s tenure (1812-1827)

45
Q

What was the penal code?

A
  • list of punishments for various crimes
  • 200 offences punishable by death
46
Q

What did Peel’s penal code reform do?

A
  • only 20 offences punishable by death
  • jury system reorganised
47
Q

What was the Jail Act? When was it passed and by who?

A
  • 1823
  • Peel
  • reformed prison conditions
  • magistrates had to inspect prisons regularly
  • women prisoners looked after by women jailers
  • jailers paid
  • prisoners received basic education and doctor visits
48
Q

What was a limit of the jail act?

A
  • only applied to large prisons in London and 17 other cities