How did changes to the source and use of power and agriculture drive economic developments (1783-1812)? Flashcards

1
Q

What was steam power like in 1783?

A
  • man, horse, wind and water were the main sources of power
  • steam power was only cost-effective at coal mines; inefficient
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2
Q

What were the causes of change in steam power?

A
  • Watt improved Newcomen’s steam engine by making a separate condenser
  • Boulton funded this enterprise
  • there was an increasing demand for resources and consumer goods due to the iR and growing population = more trade needed
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3
Q

When did Watt make improvements to the steam engine?

A
  • 1764
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4
Q

What was steam power like in 1812? What were limitations?

A
  • caused developments in all industries
  • Lancashire: made 1/2 of world’s cotton
  • used in tin, coal and iron mines
  • used in the engineering of canals
  • only a few hundred in use (LIMITATION)
  • replaced workers in cotton mills etc. (LIMITATION)
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5
Q

What was agriculture like in 1800?

A

one farmer produced enough food for 2.5 people, was 1.7 the century before

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6
Q

What were causes of the change in agriculture?

A
  • rapid population increase due to increased production of food
  • 4 crop rotation system
  • Bakewell’s use of selective breeding
  • phasing out the use of leaving land fallow
  • 1801: Parliamentary Enclosure act
  • technological innovations (i.e. seed drill)
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7
Q

What was the 4-crop rotation?

A

first year: wheat
2nd: barley
3rd: clover
4th: turnips

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8
Q

What were the benefits of the 4-crop rotation system?

A
  • more food for livestock and people
  • more fertile soil = higher yield
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9
Q

What was enclosure?

A
  • division of farm and arable land
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10
Q

What were the benefits of enclosure?

A
  • animal diseases less likely to spread
  • by 1851: 80% of farmland was more than 100 acres
  • less land wastage
  • separate land for animals = selective breeding
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11
Q

What were the negatives of enclosure?

A
  • eviction of farmers and villagers who failed to prove they had a right to land
  • villagers couldn’t use the common land for their animals
  • forced to work in poor conditions for low wages in industrial cities and towns
  • yeomen failed to compete with large landholders
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12
Q

When was the Parliamentary Enclosure Act? What did it allow?

A
  • 1801
  • easier to separate land
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13
Q

What was the effect of enclosure on the rural landscape?

A
  • like today; hedges and ditches
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14
Q

How did the percent of land left fallow change?

A
  • 1751: 20%
  • 1851: 4%
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15
Q

What was agriculture like in 1812?

A
  • farming more effective; could sustain a population over 5 million
  • amount of arable land doubled
  • food became cheaper
  • petitions and riots due to polarisation of farming industry due to enclosure
  • changed rural landscape
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