What is Psychology Flashcards
1
Q
-is the scientific study of mind and behavior
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Psychology
2
Q
-comes from the greek word “psyche” (life) and “Logos” (Explanation)
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Psychology
3
Q
What do Psychologists do?
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-Practice
-Teaching
-Research
4
Q
A set of hypothesized statements about the relationships among events
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Theory
5
Q
-Undertaken because the researcher is interested in the research topic
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Pure Research
6
Q
No immediate application to personal or social problems and has therefore been characterized as a research for its own sake.
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Pure Research
7
Q
Frequently enchances tomorrow’s way of life.
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Pure research
8
Q
-Designed to find solutions to specific personal or social problems
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Applied Research
9
Q
-MD
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Psychiatrist
10
Q
-Are doctors, They finished med school and they can give diagnoses and prescription
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Psychiatrist
11
Q
-PhD
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Psychologists
12
Q
-Finished masters and do therapy
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Psychologists
13
Q
-Help with psychological disorders adjust to the demands of life
-evaluate problems such as anxiety and depression through interviews and psychological tests
-largest subgroup of psychologists
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Clinical psychologist
14
Q
Employed by school systems to identify and assist students who have problems that interfere in learning.
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School psychologist
15
Q
-study the changes-pysical, cognitive, social and emotional- that occur throughout the life span
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Developmental psychologist
16
Q
-identify and measure human traits
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Personality psychologist
17
Q
Trait
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Tendency
18
Q
-concerned with the nature and causes of individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behavior in social situations.
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Social Psychologist
19
Q
-study the ways that people and environment influence one another
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Environmental psychologist
20
Q
-specialize in basic processes such as the nervous system, sensation and preception, learning and memory, thought, motivation, and emotion.
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Experimental Psychologist
21
Q
-deal with legal matters such as whether a defendant was sand when they commited a crime.
-criminal justice system
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Forensic psychologist
22
Q
-help athletes concentrate on performance and not on the crowd
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Sport Psychologist
23
Q
-focus on the relationship between people and work
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Industrial psychologist
24
Q
-study the behavior of people in organizations such as business
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Organizational Psychologist
25
-make technical systems more user friendly
Ergonomics (Human Factor) Psychologist
26
-Study the behavior of shoppers in an effort to predict and influence their behavior.
Consumer Psychologist
27
-Study the effects of stress on health problems.
Health psychologist
28
-argued that human behavior like the movements of the stars and the seas is subject to rules and laws.
Aristotle
29
What are Aristotle's topics
-personality
-sensation and perception
-thought
-intelligence
-needs and motives
-feelings and emotions
-memory
30
-suggested that we could think of behavior in terms of a body and a mind
Democritus
31
-suggested we should rely on rational thought and introspection to gain self knowledge
Socrates
32
-pointed out that people are social creatures who influence one another
Socrates
33
-Raised the question:
Is there free will or choice?
Where do influences of others end and our "real selves" begin?
Democritus
34
-published his landmark book elements of psychophysics (Showed how physical events, lights & sound) are related to psychological sensation & perception
Gustav Theodor Fechner
35
-first experimental psychologist
Wilhem Wundt
36
-Attempted to break conscious experience down to objective sensations such as sight or taste, and subjective feelings, such as emotional responses and mental images such as memories or dreams
Structuralism
37
-structure of mind
Structuralism
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Structuralism's three basic elements
-Sensation
-Feeling
-Images
39
-Delibrates looking into one's own cognitive processes to examine one's thoughts and emotions
Introspection
40
-Argued that the stream of consciousness is fluid and continuous
William James
41
-Adapted Darwin's theory and proposed that adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained
Functionalism
42
-Tend to drop out and only the test behavior patterns survive.
Maladaptive Behavior
43
- it must limit it self to observable, measurable events-behaivior alone-
Behaviorism
44
-A stimuli that follows a response and increase the frequency of the response
Reinforcement
45
-focus on perception and how perception influences thinking & problem solving
Gestalt Psychology
46
German word that means: Pattern or organized whole
Gestalt
47
-A method of psychotherapy that aims to help patients gain insight into their conflicts and to find a socially acceptable ways of expressing wishes and gratifying needs
Psychoanalysis
48
-name of both the theory of personality and the method of psychotherapy
Psychoanalysis
49
-proposes that much of our lives is governed by unconsious ideas and impulses rhat originate in childhood conflicts
Theory of Personality
50
Father of ancient psychology
Aristotle
51
Increase behavior
Reward
52
Decrease behavior
Punishment
53
Add to environment
Positive
54
Subtract in environment
Negative
55
Name of both the theory of personality and the method of psychotherapy
Psychoanalysis
56
3 level of mental life
Conscious , preconscious and unconscious
57
Current experience aware
Conscious
58
Short term/long term memory
Preconscious
59
-Sex and aggression
-show up as representation
Unconscious
60
Pleasure and romance
Sex
61
Want to hurt other people
Aggression
62
Provinces/Structure of mind
Id, Ego and Super ego
63
Pleasure principle
Id
64
Reality principle
Ego
65
Moral principles
Super ego
66
Said: "Mentally healthy person should be able to balance Id & super ego"
Sigmund Freud
67
-unconscious process to protect your ego
Defense Mechanism
68
Examples of Defense Mechanism
Repression, Sublimation, Ratiolozation, Projection
69
3 Hormonial fluids of emotion
Dopamine, Seratonin and Oxytocin
70
This fluid increases when receiving something new and pleasure
Dopamine
71
The fluid that increases whenever you're socializing
Seratonin
72
This fluid increases when you're with the one you love
Oxytocin
73
Founder of behaviourism
John B. Watson
74
Denies theres instinct and believes the human mind is a blank state
Behaviorism
75
An oppurant conditioning
Bf Skinner
76
-You cant see
Covert
77
-can be seen
Overt
78
Created the reinforcement combos in behaviourism
Bf Skinner
79
Determine past then determines problem
Determinism
80
-linguist cognitive psychologist
-thinks language from genes are universal language /Grammar
-made the theory of universal grammer says that we're all born with an innate understanding of the way language works
Noam Chomsley
81
-Seek the relationships between the brain, hormones, heredity and evolution on the one hand and behavior and mentol processes on the other.
Biological Perspective
82
-Assumes that thoughts fantasies and dreams -inborn or instinctive behavior patterns of behaviorous species-are made possible by the nervous system and especially by the brain
Biological perspective
83
Genes
Segment of DNA
84
-Venture into the realm of mental processes to understand human nature.
-study those things we refer to as the mind
Cognitive perspective
85
Existential perspective
Humanistic
86
Meaning, purpose & freedom
Existential
87
Self aware, consciousness and desicion making
Humanistic
88
-Believes that self awareness, experience and choice permit us, to a large extent, to "Invent Self" and our ways of relating to the world as we progress through life
Humanists
89
-Our sense of being in the world
-seen as the force that unites our personalities
Consciousness
90
-we are defensive with our mistake
-believes that all people posses an inherent need to grow and achieve their potential
-one of the founders if humanistic psychology
Carl Rogers
91
-Known for maslow's hierarchy
Abraham Maslow
92
-human motivation is based on people seeking fulfillment and change through personal growth
Maslow's hierarchy
93
-therapy that look for meaning in life, work harder
- "he who has why can bare it any how"
Existential therapy
94
-Founded the field of logo therapy
-wrote the best selling book, 'Man's search for meaning '
Viktor Frankl
95
-claimed that through a search for meaning in life, individuals can endure and overcome suffering
Viktor Frankl
96
-Proposed that anxiety emerged as result of uncertainty in life and of looming death
- "humans beings fear death because we cannot comprehend our own lack of existence"
Rollo May
97
-contemporary psychologist who follo theories derived from freud
Neoanalysts
98
-childhood object will have relations
Object relations theory
99
-believed the opposite to Freud
Karen Horney
100
-made the theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis
Erik Erikson
101
Social Cognitive Theorists
Albert Bandura
102
-suggests people can modify and create their environments
Social Cognitive theorists
103
-hard to apply in practice
-had to look at influences like ethnic backgrounds, gender physical condition and social roles
Social Cultural Perspective
104
-Refers to the culturally defined concepts of masculinity and feminity
-cultural expectations and social roles
Gender
105
-members of an ethnic group share their cultural heritage, race, language or history
Ethnicity
106
-copy what we see or people around you
Vicarous learning
107
How psychologists study behavior and mental processes
-Formulate research question
-Hypothesis
-Test hypothesis to controlled method
108
Methods of research
-Experimental
-Conceptual Definition
-Naturalistic Observation
-Case Study
-Survey
-Correlation
109
Ex. Operational definition of phobias
-Confounding variable
Conceptual Definition
110
Predicting future will be bad
Anxiety
111
This has an object
Fear
112
-prefered method for answering questions about cause and effect
Experimental
113
-collecting info about individuals and small groups in qualitative research
Case Study
114
-Psychologists conducting this may employ questionaires and interviews or examine public records
Survey
115
-Claiming theres a problem but there are no visible problems
Somatic Symptoms
116
-published two surveys of sexual behavior based on interviews
Alfred Kinsey
117
In 1953, this is tabbo
Sex
118
-In the field
-you observe people in their natural habitats everyday
-non intrusive
-Informed consent
Naturalistic Observation
119
-investigate whether Observed behavior or measured trait is related to or correlated with another
Correlation
