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Introduction to Psychology > What is Psychology > Flashcards

What is Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

-is the scientific study of mind and behavior

A

Psychology

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2
Q

-comes from the greek word “psyche” (life) and “Logos” (Explanation)

A

Psychology

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3
Q

What do Psychologists do?

A

-Practice
-Teaching
-Research

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4
Q

A set of hypothesized statements about the relationships among events

A

Theory

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5
Q

-Undertaken because the researcher is interested in the research topic

A

Pure Research

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6
Q

No immediate application to personal or social problems and has therefore been characterized as a research for its own sake.

A

Pure Research

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7
Q

Frequently enchances tomorrow’s way of life.

A

Pure research

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8
Q

-Designed to find solutions to specific personal or social problems

A

Applied Research

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9
Q

-MD

A

Psychiatrist

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10
Q

-Are doctors, They finished med school and they can give diagnoses and prescription

A

Psychiatrist

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11
Q

-PhD

A

Psychologists

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12
Q

-Finished masters and do therapy

A

Psychologists

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13
Q

-Help with psychological disorders adjust to the demands of life
-evaluate problems such as anxiety and depression through interviews and psychological tests
-largest subgroup of psychologists

A

Clinical psychologist

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14
Q

Employed by school systems to identify and assist students who have problems that interfere in learning.

A

School psychologist

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15
Q

-study the changes-pysical, cognitive, social and emotional- that occur throughout the life span

A

Developmental psychologist

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16
Q

-identify and measure human traits

A

Personality psychologist

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17
Q

Trait

A

Tendency

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18
Q

-concerned with the nature and causes of individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behavior in social situations.

A

Social Psychologist

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19
Q

-study the ways that people and environment influence one another

A

Environmental psychologist

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20
Q

-specialize in basic processes such as the nervous system, sensation and preception, learning and memory, thought, motivation, and emotion.

A

Experimental Psychologist

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21
Q

-deal with legal matters such as whether a defendant was sand when they commited a crime.
-criminal justice system

A

Forensic psychologist

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22
Q

-help athletes concentrate on performance and not on the crowd

A

Sport Psychologist

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23
Q

-focus on the relationship between people and work

A

Industrial psychologist

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24
Q

-study the behavior of people in organizations such as business

A

Organizational Psychologist

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25
Q

-make technical systems more user friendly

A

Ergonomics (Human Factor) Psychologist

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26
Q

-Study the behavior of shoppers in an effort to predict and influence their behavior.

A

Consumer Psychologist

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27
Q

-Study the effects of stress on health problems.

A

Health psychologist

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28
Q

-argued that human behavior like the movements of the stars and the seas is subject to rules and laws.

A

Aristotle

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29
Q

What are Aristotle’s topics

A

-personality
-sensation and perception
-thought
-intelligence
-needs and motives
-feelings and emotions
-memory

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30
Q

-suggested that we could think of behavior in terms of a body and a mind

A

Democritus

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31
Q

-suggested we should rely on rational thought and introspection to gain self knowledge

A

Socrates

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32
Q

-pointed out that people are social creatures who influence one another

A

Socrates

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33
Q

-Raised the question:
Is there free will or choice?
Where do influences of others end and our “real selves” begin?

A

Democritus

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34
Q

-published his landmark book elements of psychophysics (Showed how physical events, lights & sound) are related to psychological sensation & perception

A

Gustav Theodor Fechner

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35
Q

-first experimental psychologist

A

Wilhem Wundt

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36
Q

-Attempted to break conscious experience down to objective sensations such as sight or taste, and subjective feelings, such as emotional responses and mental images such as memories or dreams

A

Structuralism

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37
Q

-structure of mind

A

Structuralism

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38
Q

Structuralism’s three basic elements

A

-Sensation
-Feeling
-Images

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39
Q

-Delibrates looking into one’s own cognitive processes to examine one’s thoughts and emotions

A

Introspection

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40
Q

-Argued that the stream of consciousness is fluid and continuous

A

William James

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41
Q

-Adapted Darwin’s theory and proposed that adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained

A

Functionalism

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42
Q

-Tend to drop out and only the test behavior patterns survive.

A

Maladaptive Behavior

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43
Q
  • it must limit it self to observable, measurable events-behaivior alone-
A

Behaviorism

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44
Q

-A stimuli that follows a response and increase the frequency of the response

A

Reinforcement

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45
Q

-focus on perception and how perception influences thinking & problem solving

A

Gestalt Psychology

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46
Q

German word that means: Pattern or organized whole

A

Gestalt

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47
Q

-A method of psychotherapy that aims to help patients gain insight into their conflicts and to find a socially acceptable ways of expressing wishes and gratifying needs

A

Psychoanalysis

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48
Q

-name of both the theory of personality and the method of psychotherapy

A

Psychoanalysis

49
Q

-proposes that much of our lives is governed by unconsious ideas and impulses rhat originate in childhood conflicts

A

Theory of Personality

50
Q

Father of ancient psychology

A

Aristotle

51
Q

Increase behavior

A

Reward

52
Q

Decrease behavior

A

Punishment

53
Q

Add to environment

A

Positive

54
Q

Subtract in environment

A

Negative

55
Q

Name of both the theory of personality and the method of psychotherapy

A

Psychoanalysis

56
Q

3 level of mental life

A

Conscious , preconscious and unconscious

57
Q

Current experience aware

A

Conscious

58
Q

Short term/long term memory

A

Preconscious

59
Q

-Sex and aggression
-show up as representation

A

Unconscious

60
Q

Pleasure and romance

A

Sex

61
Q

Want to hurt other people

A

Aggression

62
Q

Provinces/Structure of mind

A

Id, Ego and Super ego

63
Q

Pleasure principle

A

Id

64
Q

Reality principle

A

Ego

65
Q

Moral principles

A

Super ego

66
Q

Said: “Mentally healthy person should be able to balance Id & super ego”

A

Sigmund Freud

67
Q

-unconscious process to protect your ego

A

Defense Mechanism

68
Q

Examples of Defense Mechanism

A

Repression, Sublimation, Ratiolozation, Projection

69
Q

3 Hormonial fluids of emotion

A

Dopamine, Seratonin and Oxytocin

70
Q

This fluid increases when receiving something new and pleasure

A

Dopamine

71
Q

The fluid that increases whenever you’re socializing

A

Seratonin

72
Q

This fluid increases when you’re with the one you love

A

Oxytocin

73
Q

Founder of behaviourism

A

John B. Watson

74
Q

Denies theres instinct and believes the human mind is a blank state

A

Behaviorism

75
Q

An oppurant conditioning

A

Bf Skinner

76
Q

-You cant see

A

Covert

77
Q

-can be seen

A

Overt

78
Q

Created the reinforcement combos in behaviourism

A

Bf Skinner

79
Q

Determine past then determines problem

A

Determinism

80
Q

-linguist cognitive psychologist
-thinks language from genes are universal language /Grammar
-made the theory of universal grammer says that we’re all born with an innate understanding of the way language works

A

Noam Chomsley

81
Q

-Seek the relationships between the brain, hormones, heredity and evolution on the one hand and behavior and mentol processes on the other.

A

Biological Perspective

82
Q

-Assumes that thoughts fantasies and dreams -inborn or instinctive behavior patterns of behaviorous species-are made possible by the nervous system and especially by the brain

A

Biological perspective

83
Q

Genes

A

Segment of DNA

84
Q

-Venture into the realm of mental processes to understand human nature.
-study those things we refer to as the mind

A

Cognitive perspective

85
Q

Existential perspective

A

Humanistic

86
Q

Meaning, purpose & freedom

A

Existential

87
Q

Self aware, consciousness and desicion making

A

Humanistic

88
Q

-Believes that self awareness, experience and choice permit us, to a large extent, to “Invent Self” and our ways of relating to the world as we progress through life

A

Humanists

89
Q

-Our sense of being in the world
-seen as the force that unites our personalities

A

Consciousness

90
Q

-we are defensive with our mistake
-believes that all people posses an inherent need to grow and achieve their potential
-one of the founders if humanistic psychology

A

Carl Rogers

91
Q

-Known for maslow’s hierarchy

A

Abraham Maslow

92
Q

-human motivation is based on people seeking fulfillment and change through personal growth

A

Maslow’s hierarchy

93
Q

-therapy that look for meaning in life, work harder
- “he who has why can bare it any how”

A

Existential therapy

94
Q

-Founded the field of logo therapy
-wrote the best selling book, ‘Man’s search for meaning ‘

A

Viktor Frankl

95
Q

-claimed that through a search for meaning in life, individuals can endure and overcome suffering

A

Viktor Frankl

96
Q

-Proposed that anxiety emerged as result of uncertainty in life and of looming death
- “humans beings fear death because we cannot comprehend our own lack of existence”

A

Rollo May

97
Q

-contemporary psychologist who follo theories derived from freud

A

Neoanalysts

98
Q

-childhood object will have relations

A

Object relations theory

99
Q

-believed the opposite to Freud

A

Karen Horney

100
Q

-made the theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis

A

Erik Erikson

101
Q

Social Cognitive Theorists

A

Albert Bandura

102
Q

-suggests people can modify and create their environments

A

Social Cognitive theorists

103
Q

-hard to apply in practice
-had to look at influences like ethnic backgrounds, gender physical condition and social roles

A

Social Cultural Perspective

104
Q

-Refers to the culturally defined concepts of masculinity and feminity
-cultural expectations and social roles

A

Gender

105
Q

-members of an ethnic group share their cultural heritage, race, language or history

A

Ethnicity

106
Q

-copy what we see or people around you

A

Vicarous learning

107
Q

How psychologists study behavior and mental processes

A

-Formulate research question
-Hypothesis
-Test hypothesis to controlled method

108
Q

Methods of research

A

-Experimental
-Conceptual Definition
-Naturalistic Observation
-Case Study
-Survey
-Correlation

109
Q

Ex. Operational definition of phobias
-Confounding variable

A

Conceptual Definition

110
Q

Predicting future will be bad

A

Anxiety

111
Q

This has an object

A

Fear

112
Q

-prefered method for answering questions about cause and effect

A

Experimental

113
Q

-collecting info about individuals and small groups in qualitative research

A

Case Study

114
Q

-Psychologists conducting this may employ questionaires and interviews or examine public records

A

Survey

115
Q

-Claiming theres a problem but there are no visible problems

A

Somatic Symptoms

116
Q

-published two surveys of sexual behavior based on interviews

A

Alfred Kinsey

117
Q

In 1953, this is tabbo

A

Sex

118
Q

-In the field
-you observe people in their natural habitats everyday
-non intrusive
-Informed consent

A

Naturalistic Observation

119
Q

-investigate whether Observed behavior or measured trait is related to or correlated with another

A

Correlation

Introduction to Psychology (10 decks)

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