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Introduction to Psychology > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Kinds of memories

A

Explicit memories
Implicit Memories

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2
Q

memory that clearly and distinctly expresses (explicates) specific information

A

explicit memory

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3
Q

of events
that happen to a person or that take
place in the person’s presence

A

Episodic memory

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4
Q

general
knowledge, as opposed to episodic
memory

A

Semantic memory

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5
Q

-I know
-general knowledge

A

Semantic memory

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6
Q

-that happen to take place
-i remember
-Have emotional attachment

A

Episodic Memory

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7
Q

-memory that we have that we dont know
-muscle memory
-still memory
-proceedual install

A

Implicit memories

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8
Q

memory
that is suggested (implied) but not
plainly expressed, as illustrated in
the things that people do but do not
state clearly

A

Implicit Memory

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9
Q

the activation of specific
associations in memory, often as
a result of repetition and without
making a conscious effort to access
the memory

A

Priming

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10
Q

memory for past events, activities,
and learning experiences, as shown
by explicit (episodic and semantic)
and implicit memories

A

Retrospective memory

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11
Q

memory to perform an act in the
future, as at a certain time or when a
certain event occurs

A

Prospective memory

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12
Q

processes of memory

A

-encode
-storage
-retrival

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13
Q

modifies information so
that it can be placed in memory;
encoding is the first stage of
information processing

A

Encode

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14
Q

the maintenance of
information over time; the second
stage of information processing

A

Storage

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15
Q

stored information means locating it and returning it to
consciousness.

A

Retrival

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16
Q

mental repetition of information to
keep it in memory

A

Maintenance rehearsal

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17
Q

the kind of coding in which new
information is related to information
that is already known

A

Elaborative rehearsal

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18
Q

the location of stored
information and its return to
consciousness; the third stage of
information processing

A

Retrival

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19
Q

the processes by which
information is encoded, stored, and
retrieved

A

Memory

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20
Q

the type or
stage of memory first encountered
by a stimulus; sensory memory
holds impressions briefly, but
long enough so that series of
perceptions are psychologically
continuous

A

Sensory memory

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21
Q

an assumed
change in the nervous system that
reflects the impression made by a
stimulus

A

Memory trace

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22
Q

A mental representation of a visual stimulus that is held briefly in sensory memory

A

Icon

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23
Q

the sensory
register that briefly holds mental
representations of visual stimuli

A

Iconic memory

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24
Q

the
maintenance of detailed visual
memories over several minutes

A

Eidetic Imagery

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25
Q

a mental representation of an
auditory stimulus (sound) that is held
briefly in sensory memory

A

Echo

26
Q

the sensory
register that briefly holds mental
representations of auditory stimuli

A

Echoic memory

27
Q

the type or stage of memory that can
hold information for up to a minute
or so after the trace of the stimulus
decays; also called working memory

A

short-term memory (STM)

28
Q

Another term for short term memory

A

Working memory

29
Q

the
tendency to recall more accurately
the first and last items in a series

A

Serial position effect

30
Q

a stimulus or group of
stimuli that are perceived as a
discrete piece of information

A

Chunk

31
Q

the
type or stage of memory capable of
relatively permanent storage

A

Long term memory

32
Q

in Freud’s
psychodynamic theory, the ejection of
anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious
awareness

A

Repression

33
Q

a way of mentally
representing the world, such as a belief
or an expectation, that can influence
perception of persons, objects, and
situations

A

Schemas

34
Q

Process of info

A

Computation

35
Q

3 ways to code memory

A

Visual
Acoustic
Semantic

36
Q

they represent memory codes differently

A

Synesthesia

37
Q

Senses memory

A

Sensory Memory

38
Q

Capture memory with 100% accuracy

A

Eidectic Memory

39
Q

Long term memory that forms in a brief moment

A

Photographic Memory

40
Q

Repress Acoustic with another memory

A

Articulatory Suppression

41
Q

Keep giving time intervals to adjust when adding info

A

Displace

42
Q

the feeling that
information is stored in memory
although it cannot be readily
retrieved; also called the feeling-ofknowing
experience

A

tip-of-the-tongue (TOT)
phenomenon

43
Q

information that is
better retrieved in the context in
which it was encoded and stored,
orlearned

A

context-dependent memory

44
Q

information that is better retrieved in
the physiological or emotional state
in which it was encoded and stored,
or learned

A

state-dependent memory

45
Q

meaningless sets of two consonants,
with a vowel sandwiched in between,
that are used to study memory

A

nonsense syllables

46
Q

Studying Memory

A

Recognition
Recall

47
Q

One aspect of forgetting is failure to
recognize something we have experienced.

A

Recognition

48
Q

another memory
task, Ebbinghaus would read lists of nonsense syllables
aloud to the beat of a metronome and then see how many
he could produce from memory

A

Recall

49
Q

nonsense
syllables presented in pairs in
experiments that measure recall

A

Paired associates

50
Q

a measure
of retention in which the difference
between the number of repetitions
originally required to learn a list and
the number of repetitions required
to re-learn the list after a certain
amount of time has elapsed is
calculated

A

Method of savings

51
Q

the difference
betweenthe number of
repetitionsoriginally required
to learn a list and the number of
repetitions required to relearn the
list after a certain amount of time
has elapsed

A

Savings

52
Q

the view
that we may forget stored material
because other learning interferes
with it

A

interference theory

53
Q

the
interference of new learning with the
ability to retrieve material learned
previously

A

Retroactive interference

54
Q

the
interference by old learning with the
ability to retrieve material learned
recently

A

Proactive Interference

55
Q

loss of
memory of personal information that
is thought to stem from psychological
conflict or trauma

A

Dissociative amnesia

56
Q

inability
to recall events that occur prior to
the age of three or so; also termed
childhood amnesia

A

Infantile Amnesia

57
Q

a structure in
the limbic system that plays an
important role in the formation of
new memories

A

Hippocampus

58
Q

failure
to remember events that occurred
after physical trauma because of the
effects of the trauma

A

Anterograde Amnesia

59
Q

failure to
remember events that occurred prior
to physical trauma because of the
effects of the trauma

A

Retrograde amnesia

60
Q

an assumed electrical
circuit in the brain that corresponds
to a memory trace

A

Engram

61
Q

enhanced efficiency in synaptic transmission
that follows brief, rapid stimulation

A

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

Introduction to Psychology (10 decks)

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