Biological perspective Flashcards
1
Q
-cells of brain
-are specialized cells of the nervous system that conduct impulse
A
Neuron
2
Q
How much neurons are we born with?
A
100 billion neuron
3
Q
-removes dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system
A
Glial cells
4
Q
-how neurons move or communicate
A
Electrical impulses /signals
5
Q
-small gaps in the myelin coating along with the axon
-increase conduction
A
Nodes of Ranvier
6
Q
-electrical signals created from the help of nodes of ranvier
A
Action potential
7
Q
What does neurons and bodyfluids contain?
-Positively or negatively charged atoms
A
Ions
8
Q
-In a resting state
A
Negative charge
9
Q
-A neuron for firing by creating an internal negative charge
A
Polarize
10
Q
how much volt in resting potential?
A
-70 millivolts
11
Q
How much volts in action potential?
A
+30 to +40 millivolts
12
Q
-neurons that fire together wire together
-made through experience and learning
A
Neural Circuity
13
Q
-Ability for brains to adjust
-when neural circuity die, you loose ability to remember
A
Neural Plasticity
14
Q
In this age, brain slows down development in self control impulses
A
20-25 yrs
15
Q
-Mind is seperate from body
-mind can change body but body can’t change mind
A
Dualism
16
Q
-a construction worker that went through an accident, that an iron rod pierced through his head and survived
A
Phineas Gage
17
Q
-Brain wrinkles
A
Sulci
18
Q
-brain bumps
A
Gyri
19
Q
-highly responsible not only responsible
A
Localization of Function
20
Q
-dont have neural circuity
-they are flexible/learn easy
Ex. Language & walking
A
Babies
21
Q
-axonterminate & Dendrites Gap
A
Nerves
22
Q
-sensory neurons rhat transmit toward spinal cord and brain
-info go up
A
Afferent neurons
23
Q
-transmit messages from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands
-need conscious thought
-info go down
A
Efferent neurons
24
Q
-usually sodium that enters pottasium escapes
A
Dendrites
25
-skull space
Ceverial spinal fluid
26
-dendrite holes
-way for sodium
Ionic channel
27
-a chemical messenger that carries, boosts and balance signals between neurons and target cells throughout the body
Neurotransmitter
28
-the small gap between two neurons.
-synaptic cleft
-the space between neurons at a nerve synapse across which a nerve impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter
Synaptic Gap/Synapse
29
Sending
Presynaptic neuron
30
Receiving
Postsynaptic neuron
31
-neurotransmitter that is a excitatory
-controls muscles contractions
-can occur in heart beats
Acetylcholine (ACh)
32
-muscle relaxant
-an antagonist for ACh
Curare
33
Reverse the function
Antagonist
34
-blocks the neurotransmitter
-keep them from doing their function
Blocker
35
-A neurotransmitter that releases when imagining and actual perception
Dopamine
36
-connected with hallucination and disturbances of thoughts and emotion
Overutilization
37
-manic-depressive illness or manic depression
-causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, concentration, and the ability to carry out day to day tasks
-unusual shifts between manic episode to depressed episodes
-energetic brain
Bipolar disorder
38
-excessive dopamine are involved in emotional responding
Dopamine hypothesis
39
-a state of mind characterized by high energy, excitement and euphoria over a sustained period of time
-main feature of bipolar disorder
Mania/Manic episode
40
-a state of unease or generalized dissatisfaction with life.
Depression / Dysphoria
41
-Hallucination & Delusion
-gets or makes neurons too active
-have significant dopamine in synapse
Schizophrenia
42
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Hallucination & Delusion
43
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia
Anhedonia, Avolition & Alogia
44
-unability to experience pleasure
Anhedonia
45
-unwanted to move
Avolition
46
-poverty of speech
Alogia
47
-meds that can change mind
Psychotropic
48
-medicine for hallucination & delusion
-reverse effect of dopamine
Psychotic
49
-it is an excitatory neurotransmitter that speeds up the heartbeat and other body processes and is involved in general arousal
-excitement in heart
-highly addictive
-responsible for how the person reacts to stress and anxiety
Norepinephrine
50
-is a neurotransmitter that is involved in emotional arousal and sleep
-happy hormone
-feel good
Seratonin
51
-is an inhibitatory neurotransmitter
-tranquilizer
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
52
-block or prevent the chemical message from being passed along any further
Inhibatory neurotransmitter
53
-the metabolic precursor of GABA
-MSG -aginomoto
Glutamate
54
-inhibitory neurotransmitter
-hormones
-help relieve pain, reduce, stress and improve your sense of well being-numbs muscles
-releases when feels pain Or stress
Endorphins
55
- "fight or flight"
Adrenaline
56
a specialized cell of the
nervous system that receives and
transmits messages
Neuron
57
a language
disorder characterized by slow,
laborious speech
Broca's aphasia
58
a
language disorder characterized
by difficulty comprehending the
meaning of spoken language
Wernicke's aphasia
59
a disruption in the ability
to understand or produce language
Aphasia
60
Biological needs im survival , respiratory rhythm, motos activity, sleep and wakefulness
Hind brain
61
Hind brain, according to paul mckan, is called what?
Reptilian brain
62
-Responsible for motor movement, movement of the ehes and in auditory and visual processing
-emotions
Mid brain
63
Mid brian, according to paul mckan, is called what?
Mammalian brain
64
Fore brain , according to paul mckan, is called what?
Monkey brain
65
4 forebrain lobes
-frontal
-temporal
-occipital
-parietal
66
Lobe responsible for Identity planning and reasoning
Frontal lobe
67
Lobe Responsible for hearing and language
Temporal lobe
68
Lobe Responsible for occipital
Occipital lobe
69
Lobe responsible for sensory cortex
Parietal lobe
70
Know what you're touching without seeing
Stereognosis
71
Be able to tell where our body is in space and time
Proprioception
72
Thoughts
Obsession
73
-kept going back
-behavior
-Lessen obsession
Compulsive
74
-responsible for Any movement
Motor cortex
75
-posture balance and coordination
Cerebellum
76
are linked to muscular
responses throughout the body
Motor cortex
77
-thick fiber that connects two hemisphere
-will be cut if you have epilepsy
Corpus Callosum
78
Image
Right hemisphere
79
Language
Left hemisphere
80
Logic
Left hemisphere
81
-creativity & morality
-feeling & emotion
Right hemisphere
82
-hemisphere
-the outmost layer of the brain that is associated with our highest mental capabilities
Cerebral cortex
83
Involved in consciousness (sleep and arousal)
Pons
84
Mediator for forebrain & hindbrain
Thalamus
85
-production of hormones
-pituitary's master
Hypothalamus
86
-almond shape
-responsible for emotions such as aggression &. Sex drive (Sadism and masochism)
Amygdala
87
-trying to turn off amygdala (anger and fear)
Septum
88
a thick
fiber bundle that connects the
hemispheres of the cortex
Corpus callosum
89
the wrinkled
surface area (gray matter) of the
cerebrum
Cerebral cortex
90
the large mass of the
fore-brain, which consists of two
hemispheres
Cerebrum
91
a part of the limbic
system that apparently facilitates
stereotypical aggressive responses
Amygdala
92
a group of
structures involved in memory,
motivation, and emotion that forms
a fringe along the inner edge of the
cerebrum
Limbic system
93
a bundle of
nuclei below the thalamus involved
in body temperature, motivation, and
emotion
Hypothalamus
94
an area near the center
of the brain involved in the relay of
sensory information to the cortex
and in the functions of sleep and
attention
Thalamus
95
a part of the
hindbrain involved in muscle
coordination and balance
Cerebellum
96
a structure of the hindbrain
involved in respiration, attention, and
sleep and arousal
Pons
97
an oblong area of the
hind-brain involved in regulation
of heartbeat, blood pressure,
movement, and respiration
Medulla
98
the part of the nervous system consisting
of the somatic nervous system and the
autonomic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
99
the brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system
100
a bundle of axons from
many neurons
Nerves
101
inhibitory
neurotransmitters that occur
naturally in the brain and in the
bloodstream and are similar to the
narcotic morphine in their functions
and effects
Endorphins
102
an inhibitory
neurotransmitter that apparently
helps calm anxiety
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
103
a neurotransmitter
involved in emotional arousal and
sleep; deficiencies have
been linked to eating disorders,
alcoholism, depression, aggression,
and insomnia
Seratonin
104
a
neurotransmitter whose action
is similar to that of the hormone
epinephrine and that may play a role
in depression
Norepinephrine
105
a neurotransmitter
that affects the ability to perceive
pleasure, voluntary movement, and
learning and memory; it is involved
in Parkinson’s disease and appears to
play a role in schizophrenia
Dopamine
106
a structure of
the brain that is involved in memory
formation
Hippocampus
107
a neurotransmitter that controls
muscle contractions
Acetylcholine (ACh)
108
a location on
a dendrite of a receiving neuron
tailored to receive a neurotransmitter
Receptor site
109
chemical
substances involved in the
transmission of neural impulses from
one neuron to another
Neurotransmitters
110
a junction between the
axon terminals of one neuron and
the dendrites or cell body of another
neuron
Synapse
111
a phase
following firing during which a
neuron is less sensitive to messages
from other neurons and will not fire
Refactory period
112
to reduce the
resting potential of a cell membrane
from about 70 millivolts toward zero
Depolarized
113
the
electrochemical discharge of a nerve
cell or neuron
Neural impulses
114
a fatty substance that
encases and insulates axons,
facilitating transmission of neural
impulses
Myelin
