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Introduction to Psychology > Biological perspective > Flashcards

Biological perspective Flashcards

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1
Q

-cells of brain
-are specialized cells of the nervous system that conduct impulse

A

Neuron

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2
Q

How much neurons are we born with?

A

100 billion neuron

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3
Q

-removes dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system

A

Glial cells

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4
Q

-how neurons move or communicate

A

Electrical impulses /signals

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5
Q

-small gaps in the myelin coating along with the axon
-increase conduction

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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6
Q

-electrical signals created from the help of nodes of ranvier

A

Action potential

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7
Q

What does neurons and bodyfluids contain?
-Positively or negatively charged atoms

A

Ions

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8
Q

-In a resting state

A

Negative charge

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9
Q

-A neuron for firing by creating an internal negative charge

A

Polarize

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10
Q

how much volt in resting potential?

A

-70 millivolts

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11
Q

How much volts in action potential?

A

+30 to +40 millivolts

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12
Q

-neurons that fire together wire together
-made through experience and learning

A

Neural Circuity

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13
Q

-Ability for brains to adjust
-when neural circuity die, you loose ability to remember

A

Neural Plasticity

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14
Q

In this age, brain slows down development in self control impulses

A

20-25 yrs

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15
Q

-Mind is seperate from body
-mind can change body but body can’t change mind

A

Dualism

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16
Q

-a construction worker that went through an accident, that an iron rod pierced through his head and survived

A

Phineas Gage

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17
Q

-Brain wrinkles

A

Sulci

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18
Q

-brain bumps

A

Gyri

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19
Q

-highly responsible not only responsible

A

Localization of Function

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20
Q

-dont have neural circuity
-they are flexible/learn easy
Ex. Language & walking

A

Babies

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21
Q

-axonterminate & Dendrites Gap

A

Nerves

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22
Q

-sensory neurons rhat transmit toward spinal cord and brain
-info go up

A

Afferent neurons

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23
Q

-transmit messages from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands
-need conscious thought
-info go down

A

Efferent neurons

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24
Q

-usually sodium that enters pottasium escapes

A

Dendrites

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25
Q

-skull space

A

Ceverial spinal fluid

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26
Q

-dendrite holes
-way for sodium

A

Ionic channel

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27
Q

-a chemical messenger that carries, boosts and balance signals between neurons and target cells throughout the body

A

Neurotransmitter

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28
Q

-the small gap between two neurons.
-synaptic cleft
-the space between neurons at a nerve synapse across which a nerve impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter

A

Synaptic Gap/Synapse

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29
Q

Sending

A

Presynaptic neuron

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30
Q

Receiving

A

Postsynaptic neuron

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31
Q

-neurotransmitter that is a excitatory
-controls muscles contractions
-can occur in heart beats

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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32
Q

-muscle relaxant
-an antagonist for ACh

A

Curare

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33
Q

Reverse the function

A

Antagonist

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34
Q

-blocks the neurotransmitter
-keep them from doing their function

A

Blocker

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35
Q

-A neurotransmitter that releases when imagining and actual perception

A

Dopamine

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36
Q

-connected with hallucination and disturbances of thoughts and emotion

A

Overutilization

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37
Q

-manic-depressive illness or manic depression
-causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, concentration, and the ability to carry out day to day tasks
-unusual shifts between manic episode to depressed episodes
-energetic brain

A

Bipolar disorder

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38
Q

-excessive dopamine are involved in emotional responding

A

Dopamine hypothesis

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39
Q

-a state of mind characterized by high energy, excitement and euphoria over a sustained period of time
-main feature of bipolar disorder

A

Mania/Manic episode

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40
Q

-a state of unease or generalized dissatisfaction with life.

A

Depression / Dysphoria

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41
Q

-Hallucination & Delusion
-gets or makes neurons too active
-have significant dopamine in synapse

A

Schizophrenia

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42
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Hallucination & Delusion

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43
Q

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia

A

Anhedonia, Avolition & Alogia

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44
Q

-unability to experience pleasure

A

Anhedonia

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45
Q

-unwanted to move

A

Avolition

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46
Q

-poverty of speech

A

Alogia

47
Q

-meds that can change mind

A

Psychotropic

48
Q

-medicine for hallucination & delusion
-reverse effect of dopamine

A

Psychotic

49
Q

-it is an excitatory neurotransmitter that speeds up the heartbeat and other body processes and is involved in general arousal
-excitement in heart
-highly addictive
-responsible for how the person reacts to stress and anxiety

A

Norepinephrine

50
Q

-is a neurotransmitter that is involved in emotional arousal and sleep
-happy hormone
-feel good

A

Seratonin

51
Q

-is an inhibitatory neurotransmitter
-tranquilizer

A

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)

52
Q

-block or prevent the chemical message from being passed along any further

A

Inhibatory neurotransmitter

53
Q

-the metabolic precursor of GABA
-MSG -aginomoto

A

Glutamate

54
Q

-inhibitory neurotransmitter
-hormones
-help relieve pain, reduce, stress and improve your sense of well being-numbs muscles
-releases when feels pain Or stress

A

Endorphins

55
Q
  • “fight or flight”
A

Adrenaline

56
Q

a specialized cell of the
nervous system that receives and
transmits messages

A

Neuron

57
Q

a language
disorder characterized by slow,
laborious speech

A

Broca’s aphasia

58
Q

a
language disorder characterized
by difficulty comprehending the
meaning of spoken language

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

59
Q

a disruption in the ability
to understand or produce language

A

Aphasia

60
Q

Biological needs im survival , respiratory rhythm, motos activity, sleep and wakefulness

A

Hind brain

61
Q

Hind brain, according to paul mckan, is called what?

A

Reptilian brain

62
Q

-Responsible for motor movement, movement of the ehes and in auditory and visual processing
-emotions

A

Mid brain

63
Q

Mid brian, according to paul mckan, is called what?

A

Mammalian brain

64
Q

Fore brain , according to paul mckan, is called what?

A

Monkey brain

65
Q

4 forebrain lobes

A

-frontal
-temporal
-occipital
-parietal

66
Q

Lobe responsible for Identity planning and reasoning

A

Frontal lobe

67
Q

Lobe Responsible for hearing and language

A

Temporal lobe

68
Q

Lobe Responsible for occipital

A

Occipital lobe

69
Q

Lobe responsible for sensory cortex

A

Parietal lobe

70
Q

Know what you’re touching without seeing

A

Stereognosis

71
Q

Be able to tell where our body is in space and time

A

Proprioception

72
Q

Thoughts

A

Obsession

73
Q

-kept going back
-behavior
-Lessen obsession

A

Compulsive

74
Q

-responsible for Any movement

A

Motor cortex

75
Q

-posture balance and coordination

A

Cerebellum

76
Q

are linked to muscular
responses throughout the body

A

Motor cortex

77
Q

-thick fiber that connects two hemisphere
-will be cut if you have epilepsy

A

Corpus Callosum

78
Q

Image

A

Right hemisphere

79
Q

Language

A

Left hemisphere

80
Q

Logic

A

Left hemisphere

81
Q

-creativity & morality
-feeling & emotion

A

Right hemisphere

82
Q

-hemisphere
-the outmost layer of the brain that is associated with our highest mental capabilities

A

Cerebral cortex

83
Q

Involved in consciousness (sleep and arousal)

A

Pons

84
Q

Mediator for forebrain & hindbrain

A

Thalamus

85
Q

-production of hormones
-pituitary’s master

A

Hypothalamus

86
Q

-almond shape
-responsible for emotions such as aggression &. Sex drive (Sadism and masochism)

A

Amygdala

87
Q

-trying to turn off amygdala (anger and fear)

A

Septum

88
Q

a thick
fiber bundle that connects the
hemispheres of the cortex

A

Corpus callosum

89
Q

the wrinkled
surface area (gray matter) of the
cerebrum

A

Cerebral cortex

90
Q

the large mass of the
fore-brain, which consists of two
hemispheres

A

Cerebrum

91
Q

a part of the limbic
system that apparently facilitates
stereotypical aggressive responses

A

Amygdala

92
Q

a group of
structures involved in memory,
motivation, and emotion that forms
a fringe along the inner edge of the
cerebrum

A

Limbic system

93
Q

a bundle of
nuclei below the thalamus involved
in body temperature, motivation, and
emotion

A

Hypothalamus

94
Q

an area near the center
of the brain involved in the relay of
sensory information to the cortex
and in the functions of sleep and
attention

A

Thalamus

95
Q

a part of the
hindbrain involved in muscle
coordination and balance

A

Cerebellum

96
Q

a structure of the hindbrain
involved in respiration, attention, and
sleep and arousal

A

Pons

97
Q

an oblong area of the
hind-brain involved in regulation
of heartbeat, blood pressure,
movement, and respiration

A

Medulla

98
Q

the part of the nervous system consisting
of the somatic nervous system and the
autonomic nervous system

A

Peripheral nervous system

99
Q

the brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

100
Q

a bundle of axons from
many neurons

A

Nerves

101
Q

inhibitory
neurotransmitters that occur
naturally in the brain and in the
bloodstream and are similar to the
narcotic morphine in their functions
and effects

A

Endorphins

102
Q

an inhibitory
neurotransmitter that apparently
helps calm anxiety

A

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

103
Q

a neurotransmitter
involved in emotional arousal and
sleep; deficiencies have
been linked to eating disorders,
alcoholism, depression, aggression,
and insomnia

A

Seratonin

104
Q

a
neurotransmitter whose action
is similar to that of the hormone
epinephrine and that may play a role
in depression

A

Norepinephrine

105
Q

a neurotransmitter
that affects the ability to perceive
pleasure, voluntary movement, and
learning and memory; it is involved
in Parkinson’s disease and appears to
play a role in schizophrenia

A

Dopamine

106
Q

a structure of
the brain that is involved in memory
formation

A

Hippocampus

107
Q

a neurotransmitter that controls
muscle contractions

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

108
Q

a location on
a dendrite of a receiving neuron
tailored to receive a neurotransmitter

A

Receptor site

109
Q

chemical
substances involved in the
transmission of neural impulses from
one neuron to another

A

Neurotransmitters

110
Q

a junction between the
axon terminals of one neuron and
the dendrites or cell body of another
neuron

A

Synapse

111
Q

a phase
following firing during which a
neuron is less sensitive to messages
from other neurons and will not fire

A

Refactory period

112
Q

to reduce the
resting potential of a cell membrane
from about 70 millivolts toward zero

A

Depolarized

113
Q

the
electrochemical discharge of a nerve
cell or neuron

A

Neural impulses

114
Q

a fatty substance that
encases and insulates axons,
facilitating transmission of neural
impulses

A

Myelin

Introduction to Psychology (10 decks)

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