Personality Flashcards
the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives,
and behavior that distinguish one
person from another
Personality
Sigmund Freud’s perspective, which
emphasizes the importance of
unconscious motives and conflicts as
forces that determine behavior
Psychodynamic theory
Stages of Psychosexual Development
-Oral
-Anal
-Phallix
-Latency
-Genital
is persistent, genetic and meassurable
unique behaivior and thinking
Personality
the psychic structure, present at
birth, that represents physiological
drives and is fully unconscious
Id
the psychic structure, present at
birth, that represents physiological
drives and is fully unconscious
Ego
the third psychic
structure, which functions as a
moral guardian and sets forth high
standards for behavior
Superego
in psychodynamic theory, the process
by which libidinal energy is expressed
through different erogenous
zones during different stages of
development
Psychosexual Development
the first stage of
psychosexual development, during
which gratification is hypothesized
to be attained primarily through oral
activities
oral stage
the second stage of
psychosexual development, when
gratification is attained through anal
activities
Anal Stage
the third stage
of psychosexual development,
characterized by a shift of libido to
the phallic region
Phallic Stage
a conflict
of the phallic stage in which the boy
wishes to possess his mother sexually
and perceives his father as a rival in
love
Oedipus Complex
a conflict of
the phallic stage in which the girl
longs for her father and resents her
mother
Electra Complex
a phase of psychosexual
development characterized by
repression of sexual impulses
Latency
the mature stage
of psychosexual development,
characterized by preferred expression
of libido through intercourse with an
adult of the other gender
Genital Stage
Jung’s psychodynamic theory,
which emphasizes the collective
unconscious and archetypes
Analytical Psychology
Jung’s hypothesized store of vague
memories that represent the history
of humankind
Collective unconscious
feelings of
inferiority hypothesized by Adler to
serve as a central motivating force
Inferiority complex
according to Adler,
the self-aware aspect of personality
that strives to achieve its full
potential
Creative self
Adler’s psychoanalytic theory, which
emphasizes feelings of inferiority and
the creative self
individual psychology
Erikson’s theory of personality and
development, which emphasizes
social relationships and eight stages
of growth
psychosocial development
a firm sense of who
one is and what one stands for
Ego Identity
▸ Believed Freud placed
too much emphasis
on sex
▸ Spoke of psychosocial
development,
not psychosexual
development
▸ Labeled stages of
development according to
traits, not erogenous zones
▸ Argued that ego identity,
not genital sexuality, was
key goal of adolescence
Erik Erikson
a relatively stable aspect of
personality that is inferred from
behavior and assumed
Trait
a trait characterized by intense imagination
and the tendency to inhibit impulses
Introversion
a trait characterized by tendencies to be
socially outgoing and to express feelings and impulses freely
Extraversion
Big Five
O-Openness to experience
C-Consciousness
E-Extraversion
A-Agreeableness
N-Neuroticism
Trait that Contrasts talkativeness, assertiveness, and
activity with silence, passivity, and reserve
Extraversion
trait that Contrasts kindness, trust, and warmth with
hostility, selfishness, and distrust
Agreeableness
Trais that Contrasts organization, thoroughness, and
reliability with carelessness, negligence,
andunreliability
Conscientiousness
Trait that Contrasts nervousness, moodiness,
and sensitivity to negative stimuli with
copingability
Neuroticism
Trait that Contrasts imagination, curiosity, and
creativitywith shallowness and lack
ofperceptiveness
Openness to experience
a
cognitively oriented learning theory
in which observational learning and
person variables, such as values and
expectancies, play major roles in
individual differences
Social-Cognitive theory
the view that people
are capable of free choice, selffulfillment,
and ethical behavior
Humanism
the process by
which males and females come to
display behavior patterns consistent
with stereotypical masculine and
feminine gender roles
Gender-typing
the view
that people are completely free
and responsible for their own
behavior
Existentialism
a cognitive
view of gender-typing that proposes
that once girls and boys become aware
of their anatomic sex, they begin to blend
their self-expectations and self-esteem
with the ways in which they fit the gender
roles prescribed in a given culture
gender-schema theory
in humanistic
theory, the innate tendency to strive to
realize one’s potential
Self actualization
a persistent expression
of esteem for the value of a person,
but not necessarily an unqualified
acceptance of all of the person’s
behaviors
unconditional positive
regard
judgment of another person’s value
on the basis of the acceptability of
that person’s behaviors
conditional positive regard
standards
by which the value of a person is
judged
Conditions of worth
the view that focuses on the roles
of ethnicity, gender, culture, and
socioeconomic status in personality
formation, behavior, and mental
processes
sociocultural perspective
a person who
defines herself or himself in terms of
personal traits and gives priority to
her or his own goals
Individualist
a person who
defines herself or himself in terms
of relationships to other people and
groups and gives priority to group goals
Collectivist
the process of
adaptation in which immigrants and
native groups identify with a new,
dominant culture by learning about
that culture and making behavioral
and attitudinal changes
Acculturation
in psychological testing,
the degree to which a test measures
what it is supposed to measure
Validity
in psychological
testing, the consistency or stability
of test scores from one testing to
another
Reliability
in psychological
testing, the process by which one
obtains and organizes test scores from
various population groups, so that the
results of a person’s completing a test
can be compared to those of others
of his or her gender, in his or her age
group, and so on
Standardization
tests whose
items must be answered in a
specified, limited manner; tests
whose items have concrete answers
that are considered correct
Objective tests
a
psychological test that presents
ambiguous stimuli onto which
the test-taker projects his or her
own personality in making a
response
Projective test
state that youre stuck in a stage of psychosexual development
Fixation
a perfect or representative example of something and may be used as a default mental image
Archetypes
an area or part of the body sensitive to stimulation that is a source of erotic or sexual feeling or pleasure
Erogenous zone
Three Criterias to know if someone has Psychological disorder
-Psychological Dysfunction
-Distress or impairment
-Atypical or not culturally expected
Psychological Disorders
-Anxiety Disorders
-Depression
-Bipolar Disorder
-Post traumatic stress Disorder (PTSD)
-Schizophrenia
-Eating Disorders
-Disruptive behaviour and dissocial disorders
-Neurodevelopmental disorders
excessive fear and worry and related behavioural disturbances.
Anxiety Disorder
Different kinds of Anxiety Disorders
-General Anxiety Disorder
-Panic Disorder
-Social Anxiety Disorder
-Seperation Anxiety Disorder
-etc
is different from usual mood fluctuations and short-lived emotional responses to challenges in everyday life.
Depression
Eating Disorders
-Anorexia
-Bulimia
is characterised by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that has a direct negative impact on academic, occupational, or social functioning.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
constitutes a diverse group of conditions characterised by some degree of difficulty with social communication and reciprocal social interaction, as well as persistent restricted, repetitive, and inflexible patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
