motivation and emotion Flashcards
the state in which an organism experiences an inducement
or incentive to do something
Motivation
a hypothetical state
within an organism that propels the
organism toward a goal
Motive
A state of deprivation
Need
a condition of arousal in an organism that is associated with a
need
Drive
an object, person, or situation perceived as capable of satisfying a need or as desirable for its own sake
Incentive
involving an inherited disposition to activate specific behavior patterns that enable an organism to reach specific goals
Instinct
the view that organisms learn to engage in behaviors that have the effect of reducing drives
drive-reduction theory
the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state
homeostasis
according to Maslow and other humanistic
psychologists, self-initiated striving to
become what one is capable of being
self-actualization
Maslow’s ordering of needs from most basic (physiological needs such as hunger and thirst) to most elaborate and sophisticated (self-actualization)
hierarchy of needs
The state of being satisfied; fullness
satiety
a central area on the
underside of the hypothalamus that
appears to function as a stop-eating
center
ventromedial nucleus (VMN)
Characterized by excessive eating
hyperphagic
an area at the side of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a start-eating center
lateral hypothalamus
Characterized by under-eating
Aphagic
a lifethreatening eating disorder characterized by dramatic weight loss and a distorted body image
Anorexia Nervosa
Female Athelete Triad
-Low Energy
-Menstrual Problems
-Loss of bone density
an eating
disorder characterized by repeated
cycles of binge eating and purging
Bulimia Nervosa
the arousal producing effects of sex hormones that increase the likelihood of sexual behavior
Activating effect
the periodic sexual excitement of many female mammals as governed by levels of sex hormones
Estrus
Masters and Johnson’s model of
sexual response, which consists of
four stages or phases: excitement,
plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Sexual response cycle
engorgement of blood vessels with blood, which
swells the genitals and breasts during
sexual arousal
Vasocongestion
Muscle tension
Myotonia
the first
phase of the sexual response cycle,
which is characterized by muscle
tension, increases in the heart rate,
and erection in the male and vaginal
lubrication in the female
Excitement phase
the second
phase of the sexual response cycle,
which is characterized by increases
in vasocongestion, muscle tension,
heart rate, and blood pressure in
preparation for orgasm
Plateau Phase
the process of propelling seminal fluid (semen) from
the penis
Ejaculation
the height or climax
of sexual excitement, involving
involuntary muscle contractions,
release of sexual tensions, and
usually, subjective feelings of
pleasure
Orgasm
the fourth phase of the sexual response cycle,
during which the body gradually
returns to its pre-aroused state
Resolution phase
in the sexual response cycle, a period of time
following orgasm during which an
individual is not responsive to sexual
stimulation
Refractory Period
a person who
fights for the rights of lesbians, gay
males, bisexuals, and transgendered
people
LGBTQIA+ Activist
a person who is
erotically attracted to both females
and males; and more
Bisexual
referring to people who are sexually aroused by, and interested in forming romantic relationships with, people of the same gender
Homosexual
a male homosexual
Gay
A female homosexual
Lesbian
referring to people who are sexually aroused by, and interested in forming romantic relationships with, people of the other gender
Heterosexual
one’s psychological sense of being female,
male, or somewhere in between
Gender Identity
a state of feeling that
has cognitive, physiological, and
behavioral components
Emotion
the branch of the
autonomic nervous system that is
most active during processes that
spend body energy from stored
reserves, such as in a fight-or-flight
reaction to a predator or when you
are anxious about a big test
sympathetic nervous system
the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore reserves of energy to the body, such as relaxing and eating
parasympathetic nervous system
the field of psychology that is
about personal well-being and
satisfaction; joy, sensual pleasure,
and happiness; and optimism and
hope for the future
Positive Psychology
the view that stereotypical facial expressions
can contribute to stereotypical
emotions
facial-feedback hypothesis
