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Introduction to Psychology > motivation and emotion > Flashcards

motivation and emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

the state in which an organism experiences an inducement
or incentive to do something

A

Motivation

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2
Q

a hypothetical state
within an organism that propels the
organism toward a goal

A

Motive

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3
Q

A state of deprivation

A

Need

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4
Q

a condition of arousal in an organism that is associated with a
need

A

Drive

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5
Q

an object, person, or situation perceived as capable of satisfying a need or as desirable for its own sake

A

Incentive

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6
Q

involving an inherited disposition to activate specific behavior patterns that enable an organism to reach specific goals

A

Instinct

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7
Q

the view that organisms learn to engage in behaviors that have the effect of reducing drives

A

drive-reduction theory

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8
Q

the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state

A

homeostasis

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9
Q

according to Maslow and other humanistic
psychologists, self-initiated striving to
become what one is capable of being

A

self-actualization

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10
Q

Maslow’s ordering of needs from most basic (physiological needs such as hunger and thirst) to most elaborate and sophisticated (self-actualization)

A

hierarchy of needs

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11
Q

The state of being satisfied; fullness

A

satiety

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12
Q

a central area on the
underside of the hypothalamus that
appears to function as a stop-eating
center

A

ventromedial nucleus (VMN)

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13
Q

Characterized by excessive eating

A

hyperphagic

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14
Q

an area at the side of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a start-eating center

A

lateral hypothalamus

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15
Q

Characterized by under-eating

A

Aphagic

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16
Q

a lifethreatening eating disorder characterized by dramatic weight loss and a distorted body image

A

Anorexia Nervosa

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17
Q

Female Athelete Triad

A

-Low Energy
-Menstrual Problems
-Loss of bone density

18
Q

an eating
disorder characterized by repeated
cycles of binge eating and purging

A

Bulimia Nervosa

19
Q

the arousal producing effects of sex hormones that increase the likelihood of sexual behavior

A

Activating effect

20
Q

the periodic sexual excitement of many female mammals as governed by levels of sex hormones

A

Estrus

21
Q

Masters and Johnson’s model of
sexual response, which consists of
four stages or phases: excitement,
plateau, orgasm, and resolution

A

Sexual response cycle

22
Q

engorgement of blood vessels with blood, which
swells the genitals and breasts during
sexual arousal

A

Vasocongestion

23
Q

Muscle tension

A

Myotonia

24
Q

the first
phase of the sexual response cycle,
which is characterized by muscle
tension, increases in the heart rate,
and erection in the male and vaginal
lubrication in the female

A

Excitement phase

25
Q

the second
phase of the sexual response cycle,
which is characterized by increases
in vasocongestion, muscle tension,
heart rate, and blood pressure in
preparation for orgasm

A

Plateau Phase

26
Q

the process of propelling seminal fluid (semen) from
the penis

A

Ejaculation

27
Q

the height or climax
of sexual excitement, involving
involuntary muscle contractions,
release of sexual tensions, and
usually, subjective feelings of
pleasure

A

Orgasm

28
Q

the fourth phase of the sexual response cycle,
during which the body gradually
returns to its pre-aroused state

A

Resolution phase

29
Q

in the sexual response cycle, a period of time
following orgasm during which an
individual is not responsive to sexual
stimulation

A

Refractory Period

30
Q

a person who
fights for the rights of lesbians, gay
males, bisexuals, and transgendered
people

A

LGBTQIA+ Activist

31
Q

a person who is
erotically attracted to both females
and males; and more

A

Bisexual

32
Q

referring to people who are sexually aroused by, and interested in forming romantic relationships with, people of the same gender

A

Homosexual

33
Q

a male homosexual

A

Gay

34
Q

A female homosexual

A

Lesbian

35
Q

referring to people who are sexually aroused by, and interested in forming romantic relationships with, people of the other gender

A

Heterosexual

36
Q

one’s psychological sense of being female,
male, or somewhere in between

A

Gender Identity

37
Q

a state of feeling that
has cognitive, physiological, and
behavioral components

A

Emotion

38
Q

the branch of the
autonomic nervous system that is
most active during processes that
spend body energy from stored
reserves, such as in a fight-or-flight
reaction to a predator or when you
are anxious about a big test

A

sympathetic nervous system

39
Q

the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore reserves of energy to the body, such as relaxing and eating

A

parasympathetic nervous system

40
Q

the field of psychology that is
about personal well-being and
satisfaction; joy, sensual pleasure,
and happiness; and optimism and
hope for the future

A

Positive Psychology

41
Q

the view that stereotypical facial expressions
can contribute to stereotypical
emotions

A

facial-feedback hypothesis

Introduction to Psychology (10 decks)

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