What is exercise? Flashcards
What are the benefits of exercise? 6
- Pathology: diseases, disorders, conditions, abnormality:•Hypertension – exercise assists with lowering blood pressure
- Impairments of body function: physiological or anatomical: •After a stroke – the arm or leg does not function due to increase or decrease tone, therefore specific exercises can assist with normalizing tone to improve function.
- Personal level: functional limitations: •After hip surgery, I was unable to put on my scandals or dry my feet but with exercise my range of movement improved so I was over time able to reach my feet.
- Social level: participation: •Social level: Indoor soccer or netball
- Psychological level: Psychological level: Feeling part of something
- Prevention level: •Discovery vitality encouraging clients to get tested for fitness and obtaining points by attending gym is a level of prevention
Exercise is either: 2
- Aerobic
- Anaerobic
For short term energy we use:
Anaerobic/ lactate system
For immediate energy we use:
ATP- Phosphocreatine system
For long term energy we use:
Aerobic system
Describe the anaerobic changes in the muscolskeletal system in response to exercise. 3
- Increase in muscular strength (Type II)
- Increase in resting levels of anaerobic substrates (glycogen, creatine phosphate, ATP)
- Increase in quantitiy and activity of key enzymes that control anaerobic phase for glucose breakdown
Describe the aerobic changes in the muscolskeletal system in response to exercise 5
- Increase in size and number of mitochondria
- Increased capacity to generate ATP aerobically
- Increase capacity in muscle to mobilize and oxidize fat
- Increased myoglobin content
- All fibre type maximize the already exisiting aerobic potential
Describe the acute adaptations in the cardiovascular system 5
Increased:
- Heart rate
- stroke volume
- Cardiac output
- blood flow
Decreased:
- vascular resistance
Describe the chronic adaptations in the cardiovascular system 6
Increased:
- Plasma volume
- Red cell mass
- Total blood volume
- Maximal stroke volume
- Maximal cardiac output
Decreased:
- systolic and diastolic BP
What are the long term effects of aerobic training? 7
- Increased heart size and weight
- Heart rate increases initially wit aerobic training but it decreases with prolonged aerobic training
- Stroke volume is increased at rest and with exercise
- As stroke volume increases so too does cardiac output
- BP : acute increase during endurance and strength training
- With prolonged endurance training BP decreases
- Oxygen uptake increases with endurance training
What are the acute effects on the pulmonary system ? 5
- A rapid increas in ventilation, pulmonary blood flow and lung compliance
- Airway dilation and decreased resistance to air flow
- Increased breathing volumes improves oxygen uptake
- Increased minute ventilation
- Increaed blood flow to exercising muscle
What are the acute effects on the nervous system 10
- Increased SNS activity
- Increased endorphin release improves mood
- Increased norepinephrine release decreases pain
- Temporary increase in body temp contributes to decrease in muscle tension, elevate mood, reudce anxiety and improve sleeping pattern
- Improve co-ordination and balance
- NE release stimulate pulmonary and CVS response to increase oxygen to muscle
- Growth hormone increases
- Testosterone and anabolic and androgenic hormones increeases
- Erythropoeiten promotes production of red blood cell
- Cortisol increases to promote production of glucose
What are the acute effects on the Immune system 4
- Increased WBC during endurance training
- THis promotes healing and repair injured muscles
- Overtraining will have undersired effects on the immune system
- HIV
What are the acute effects on the gastrointestinal system
- Shunting of blood occurs
- Increased GIT mobility, decreased constipation
- Prolonged activity will cause diarrheea, incontinence, somach ache, vomiting, reflux and heart burn
- Sometimes rectal bleeding may occur after prolonged exercise.
