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Physiotherapy > Introduction to Human Movement > Flashcards

Introduction to Human Movement Flashcards

1
Q

What is kinesiology?

A

Kinesiology is also known as human kinetics and is the scientific study of human movement

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2
Q

Where does motion take place and what is involved in human movement?

A

Motion takes place at the joints. Bones and soft tissues are involved in human movement

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3
Q

What are the body segments? 3

A
  1. Axial skeleton (head, neck and trunk)
  2. Upper extremity (arm, forearm and hand)
  3. Lower extremity (thigh, leg and foot)
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4
Q

How does muscle provide the motor force to move?

A

Muscle attaches to bone and contracts to move the parts

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5
Q

What are the 5 major theoretical approaches?

A
  1. Anatomical: describes the structure of the body and its parts and their potential for movement
  2. Physiological: studies the processes involved in the initiation, continuation and control of movement
  3. Psychological: examines the sensations, perceptions and motivations that stimulate movement and the neurological mechanisms which controls them
  4. Mechanical: considers the force, time and distance relationships involved in the human body
  5. Socio-cultural : meaning given to various movements in different human setting
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6
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A
  1. Standing position
  2. Feet together
  3. Arms at the side
  4. Head, eyes and palms of hand facing forward
  5. Relaxed position - thumbs pointing slightly anteriorly
  6. Anatomical position - thumb is a lateral structure
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7
Q

What is a plane in terms of movement?

A

A plane is described as a flat surface

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8
Q

What is axes in terms of movement?

A

Axes is described as a straight line around which an object rotates

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9
Q

How is human movement described?

A

Human movements are described in 3 dimensions based on a series of planes and axes

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10
Q

What are the 3 planes of motion?

A
  1. The sagittal plane
  2. The frontal plane
  3. The transverse plane
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11
Q

Describe the sagittal plane

A

The sagittal plane divides the body vertically into left and right halves in which forward and backward movements of the body

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12
Q

Describe the frontal plane

A

The frontal plane splits the body vertically into front and back halves in which lateral movements of the body occur

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13
Q

Describe the transverse plane

A

The transverse plane separates the body into top and bottom halves in which horizontal segment movements occur

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14
Q

What are the 3 anatomical references axes?

A
  1. The frontal (mediolateral) axis
  2. The vertical (longitudinal) axis
  3. The sagittal (anterior-posterior) axis
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15
Q

Describe the frontal axis

A

The frontal (mediolateral) axis is an imaginary line around which sagittal plane rotation occurs

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16
Q

Describe the vertical/longitudinal axis

A

The vertical or longitudinal axis is an imaginary line around which transverse plane rotations occur

17
Q

Describe the sagittal/ anterior posterior axis

A

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18
Q

What causes motion?

A

Joint motion can be caused by:

  1. Internal forces: muscle contraction
  2. External forces: gravity and/or manual and mechanical forces
19
Q

How are joints classified?

A

Joints can be classified as:

  1. Synovial or free moveable
  2. Cartilagenous or slightly moveable
  3. Fibrous or fixed
20
Q

What does the function of the joints depends on ?

A

The function of the joints depends on shape and how well they fit together?

21
Q

How can we type movement of bone surfaces?

A

Movement of bone surfaces may be typed as:

  1. Spinning
  2. Rolling
  3. Sliding
22
Q

What does joint stability depend on?

A

Stability of a joint depends on:

  1. The shape of articular surface and their congruency
  2. The ligaments
  3. Muscle tension in surrounding musculature
  4. Fascial structures
  5. Atmospheric pressure
23
Q

Define articular surface

A

Opposition ends of each bone that forms a joint

24
Q

Define cartilage

A

Smooth , wear resistance surface and friction free movement

25
Q

Define joint capsule

A

Structure that encloses a joint

26
Q

Define synovial membrane with synovial fluid

A

To lubricate the joint

27
Q

Tendons

A

Tendons are the extension of muscle that attaches to bone

28
Q

Ligaments

A

Bone to bone

29
Q

Stabilizing muscles

A

Structures that move the joint

30
Q

Classification of synovial joints

A
  1. Uniaxial: hinge and pivot joints
  2. Biaxial: condyloid and ellipsoid joint
  3. Multiaxial joint: ball and socket and saddle joint
  4. Non-axial: gliding joints

Physiotherapy (17 decks)

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