What Is Culture? Flashcards
What is Linton’s definition of Culture?
The way of life, collection of ideas and habits that people learn and share that is transmitted from generations
What are values and what are norms?
Values=an important belief
Norms=the specific behaviours that are accepted as appropriate for a situation
What does Mead and Klineberg’s studies tell us about cultural differences?
Mead=sex and temperament in 3 primitive societies in Somoa and New Guinea
•Arapesh tribe=both genders gentle+cooperative
•Mundugumor tribe=both genders violent+aggressive
•Tchambuli tribe=untraditional gender role swap
Klineberg=Sioux Indians of South Dakota have norm that you don’t answer Questions in presence of others who don’t know it as it’s seen as boastful; to the teacher seen as ignorant
What is a subculture?
Distinctive norms and values to a smaller group in a society; a culture within a culture that rejects mainstream values/norms
What does Willis’ ethnographic work within schools show?
Learning to Labour= why working class kids get working class jobs, counter-school culture, symbolic resistance as those who know that the education system will fail them don’t try, therefore don’t get the qualifications needed to be in a more advanced occupation
What does Hall and Jefferson’s work on subcultures entail?
Teddy Boys=people excluded from expansion of affluence after WW2 industry resurgence and showed contempt by wearing style of supposed social superiors e.g Edwardian jackets and ties
What is high and popular culture? Name examples.
High culture=upper class, sophisticated culture e.g opera, ballet, classical music
Popular culture=mainstream culture for the masses, often frowned upon by the upper class for being less sophisticated
e.g magazines, concerts, pop music
What is global culture?
Globalisation leads to increased sharing of culture and products+companies around the globe
What impact does Charles and Chrichter say popular culture has on society?
We are not free to make choices as we are manipulated by advertising and global cooperations
What does McLuhan mean by global village?
Increase in technology and communication means that the online social sphere has expanded so that people from across the globe can access the same news; internet proximity and increased interactional density means culture becomes shared quicker creating online community
What does Marsh and Keating about British culture and globalisation?
British Culture is becoming more globalised with affluence in the western world spreading quickly as they are more interconnected e.g brands, foods and style
What is consumer culture?
People express who they are based on what they buy and what material items they have, rather than personality
What impact does Lury say consumer culture has had on identity?
There is an increased choice over identity as there a wider range of goods and services; shopping is now a leisure pursuit rather than buying what is needed; media influences trends and customers adapt to fit in- we now judge people on what they buy and what goods they have
What is cultural diversity?
Differences in culture, norms and values
What is intercultural and intracultural diversity?
Intercultural diversity=differences between different cultures
Intracultural diversity=differences within one culture
