Media-Ethnicity Flashcards
In what ways do the media stereotype ethnic minorities according to Van Dijk?
Number of stereotypes to portray black people: criminals, abnormal(cultural practises), threat(immigrants), dependent(LIC) and unimportant
What evidence does Malik present to suggest the media does not reflect the contemporary UK?
Minority ethnic groups dissatisfaction w/ media representations: on mainstream TV it was found that white viewers saw a good job at representing multicultural Britain but all other ethnic groups thought it was poor; alternative media improvements are being seen through apps like YouTube, and the diversity is more prominent
What does Barker’s study of soap operas tell us about media representations of ethnic minorities?
Eastenders are good at reflecting changes in representations of minority groups but black and Asian characters still tend to be in stereotypical roles e.g doctors and shopkeepers
What does Hall mean by ‘inferential racism’?
Coverage seems balanced but is based on racial assumptions and seems to be more evident than overt racism e.g black footballers are often reduced to physical and athletic attributes
How does Hall argue that moral panics arise from portraying black people as criminal?
Sections of right-wing newspapers colluded w/ the state and its agents, e.g police, to create a moral panic around the criminal offence of ‘mugging’- sensationalist news stories in the tabloid press were based on reports from the police, so as a result it lead to the labelling of all young Afro-Caribbeans as criminals and a potential threat to white people; this served the ideological purpose of turning people against them to turn the attention away from the mismanagement of capitalism
How does Back argue that moral panics arise from the from portraying black people as criminals?
Reporting of inner-city race disturbances involving minority ethnic groups often stereotyped as ‘riots’ implying irrational, rampaging disturbances- justifying use of police force and rarely uses ‘uprising’ as it suggests genuine grievance to racial attacks
How does Zylinska explain the link between moral panics and rap music?
Moral panic is initiated by the glamorisation of gun crime and glorification of gun culture & violence in rap and hip hop music videos which people were worried it would be condoning those possessions and inclusions in gang cultures among youths
What do Best & Kellner say about the relationship between rap/hip-hop music and gun crime?
A form of cultural identity in which rap articulates the experiences and conditions of black youths living on the margins of inner city areas or council estates, who feel they are being stereotyped and stigmatised- they can communicate their anger and sense of injustice, highlighting racism and oppression and celebrating black pride, supplying a voice for people excluded from mainstream society
Why is the media party to blame for violence in the black community according to the BEACH report?
Media’s failure to portray the image of black boys and young black men positively, leading to a lack of positive role models; focus around criminality have detrimental effect on aspirations, some suggesting teachers give up on them more easily because of stereotypes, self-esteem and confidence
How does the media create moral panics around asylum seekers according to Philo and Beattie?
TV journalists presented stories about immigration in a negative and alarmist way, focusing on under-policed borders, presented as a threat and sensationalist language, e.g illegal, w/ racist undertones; notion that refugees may be genuinely escaping torture was ignored
What does Ameli’s work tell us about media representations of Islam and Muslims?
Discussion around wearing a hijab as being problematic, often suggesting it is an inferior form of dress compared w/ western female dress codes and that it is unnecessary; often portrayed as a patriarchal and oppressive form of control that exemplifies the misogyny of Islam and symbolises alleged subordinate position of women
What criticisms do Pambazalia make of British news coverage of Africa?
Media makes myths about Africa such as Africa’s current situation is the fault of African people meaning people in the west do not feel a sense of responsibility about African issues; over emphasis on African corruption and efficiency and reluctance to discuss west’s role; informed African experts ignored in favour of Europeans who talk from a eurocentric perspective about African affairs
What 7 problems did a BBC survey highlight to suggest ethnic minorities are invisible in the media?
1)limited roles
2)cultural irrelevance=find it hard to integrate w/ national culture
3)invisibility=images of feminine beauty tend to over emphasise whiteness
4)tokenism=diverse audiences mad that programmes like soap operas include ethnic minority characters just because they should; often characters are unimportant
5)realism=black and Asian people rarely shown as ordinary citizens, in ‘black roles’ where behaviour is shaped by ethnic identity
6)ghettoisation= scheduling minority issues at unimportant times w/ small audience
7)media personnel=content geared to interest of white people
