Media- Feminism Flashcards
What are all feminists united together with doing?
Opposing patriarchy and sex discrimination
What are the 5 different types of feminism?
•Liberal
•Black
•Radical
•Marxist
•Difference
What is liberal feminism?
Argue that there has been significant changes in media representations in a good way, with stereotypes and and attitudes towards women changing but there is still work to do
Equality is brought around in accord with women’s achievements, there may be a cultural lag as attitudes change more slowly
What is radical feminism?
Believe that there has been little change in gender representations and traditional stereotypes remain widespread- still predominantly shown as sex objects and media is controlled by men- malestream, a revolution is needed
What is Marxist feminism?
Women are oppressed by capitalist society and exploited similar to the working class e.g unpaid labour, economic inequality- media representations are product of patriarchy and capitalism and male media owners/ professionals present them in stereotypical ways for ideological/ economic benefits
What is difference feminism?
All women are different and there are multiple factors that affect media representations e.g age, ethnicity, class-
others assume that women are one, homogenous group with the same interests and views
What is malestream?
Dominance of men in the mainstream media, where most things are interpreted from a male perspective band this viewpoint is then seen as the norm
What does Mulvey say about women in the media?
The male gaze- cameras in films eye up the female characters for the pleasure of the male audience to judge and indulge
What did Lauzen discover?
16% directors, producers, writers, editors and cinematographers were women in 2014
What did Whelehan find about men’s magazines?
Men’s magazines were promoting females as sex objects and dismissing changing gender roles
What did Gauntlett find about men’s magazines that opposes Whelehan?
Men’s magazines do not have much impact on men and offer more than one view of diversity of masculinities
What did McRobbie find about women’s magazines?
Women’s magazines have a significant and negative impact on women’s identity, diminishing self-confidence
What did Frazer find about women’s magazines that opposes McRobbie?
Girls read magazines critically and were likely to laugh at their content
What are the evaluations of feminism?
•Women can resist ideology of femininity
•radical and Marxist feminists argue there is still traditional femininity present even in increasing variety of roles
•evidence available that female representations are still focused on attractiveness and appearance
