Media- Direct Effects Flashcards
What is a direct effect?
An effect in which the media has an immediate and powerful influence on audiences- virtually seen as unable to resist media messages
Who invented the hypodermic syringe model (also known as the magic bullet theory)?
Packard
What is the hypodermic syringe model(magic bullet theory)?
The media is a syringe that injects messages into the audience/ penetrates the audience like a bullet(one way process)- the media’s influence is immediate and powerful since the audience is regarded as passive and unable to resist the media’s messages- unaware of the manipulation (does not acknowledge differences between audience and so are seen as homogenous)
What is copycat violence?
Particularly with younger people, they become desensitised to acts of violence meaning they think it is acceptable to act violently and copy what is seen
What is desensitisation?
Process by which people are repeatedly exposed to stimuli such as violent media images, and, as a result, have a diminished emotional response to those stimuli- become numb to the seriousness and danger presented
Who supports the fact that copycat violence is a direct effect of violent images in the media, contributing to violent crime in real life?
Gerbner- violent crimes and antisocial behaviour, especially in the young
How does Dworkin suggest pornography is harmful to women?
The consumption of pornography, easily accessed through newspapers, magazines and the internet, is harmful as it encourages sexual violence and negative attitudes towards women
What does Marcuse argue about the media, working class and ruling class ideology?
The media transmits a ‘mass culture’ to the working class making them more vulnerable to ruling class ideology and propaganda- organisation of media in capitalist societies influences working class to accept values and norms of the ruling class- often reinforcing negative stereotypes of certain social groups
What did Bandura do to prove children’s imitation of violence and what did he say it suggested?
Carried out a bobo doll experiment, in which some children were shown a clip of the doll being hit by an adult and some weren’t- found that those who has seen the clip acted more aggressively towards the doll and suggested that the media effect on children is immediate and direct, behaving violently themselves
What did Newson argue about the desensitising effect of the media?
Children’s exposure to media violence has a desensitising effect and they are more likely to commit acts of violence in reality if they have seen it in the media
What effect does Anderson argue that music has on audiences?
Increases aggressive thoughts and feelings of hostility after listening to violent song lyrics
What effect does Hall argue sexualised lyrics have on young audiences?
It can teach young men to be sexually aggressive and treat women as objects, plus teach women that to provide sexual pleasure is their main value- leading to effects such as poor body image, depression, eating disorders and substance abuse
Why was Hardcastle concerned about positive references to alcohol in song lyrics?
Positive references to alcohol in popular music contrasts public health messages about dangers of excessive alcohol use and behaviour
What is catharsis?
Process of releasing strong or repressed emotions thus providing relief
Who argues that the media enables catharsis to occur as a means of safe release of aggression and makes deviant behaviour less likely?
Fesbach and Singer
