Westward Expansion (Native Americans)

Question 1

treaty of ft. laramie

Answer 1

the first treaty between the U.S. government and the Plains Indians

Question 2

Chivington’s Massacre

Answer 2

a massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho people by the U.S. Army

Question 3

VI. Settlers and Native Americans Clash

Answer 3

The U.S. tried to get the Sioux to go to a reservation and start farming in 1851, gave them agricultural tools, told them to quit hunting bison, and that the land would be theirs forever
- Americans trespassed in the Black Hills
- In 1860, federal officials forced them to sign a new treaty, native americans were split with younger natives against a deal, battles resumed between the americans and natives
- Chivington’s Massacre: soldiers killed 150 Cheyenne tribe members, angering other tribes, expanded to Indian Wars in the west

Question 4

Sitting Bull

Answer 4

Sioux leader who led the victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn

Question 5

George Custer

Answer 5

United States general who was killed along with all his command by the Sioux at the Battle of Little Bighorn

Question 6

VII. The Indian Wars

Answer 6

The sioux had been warned that the U.S. was building forts and gold mines near Bozeman Trail, Red Cloud launches attacks on them, trapping and killing 80 U.S. soldiers known as the Fetterman’s massacre, peace ended when they settled on the Black Hills, wanting to buy the hills instead of protecting the rights of natives, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse are leaders who fought back

Question 7

Battle of Little Bighorn

Answer 7

Lt. Col. George Custer sent to bring the Sioux to a reservation, he rushed in without reinforcements, killing most of his men, known as Custer’s Last Stand, shocks the nation

Question 8

Reservation

Answer 8

an area set aside for Native American by the government

Question 9

Assimilation

Answer 9

to become part of a larger culture

Question 10

VIII. The Dawes Act

Answer 10

encouraged natives to become farmers, divided land, giving it to individual families, (goes against their belief that land should not be divided), wanted to get them to stop thinking that they’re a tribe

Question 11

Problems with the Dawes Act

Answer 11

natives sold the land for cheap to white settlers, didn’t know how to farm, poor land, had to give up their traditions, had to depend on food provided by the treaty, children weren’t able to inherit land

Question 12

Indian Boarding Schools

Answer 12

founded to eliminate traditional American Indian ways of life and replace them with mainstream American culture

Question 13

IX. “Fixing” the Natives

Answer 13

Tried to force assimilation, made then change their clothes, hairstyles, ancient traditions, religions, and their names, many other schools opened because of the success of the Carlisle Indian School

Question 14

Ghost Dance

Answer 14

a religious dance that celebrated the time when the Native Americans lived freely

Question 15

Wounded Knee

Answer 15

the site of a massacre of the Sioux

Question 16

X. Ghost Dance (the more elaborate one)

Answer 16

A prophet named Wovoka said that bison would return and the white settlers would go away if they did the ghost dance, many settlers thought they were preparing for war

Question 17

XI. Wounded Knee (the more elaborate one)

Answer 17

300 of the Lakota Sioux were killed after a shot rang out despite the soldiers telling them to surrender their guns, this was because they were trying to protest the death of Sitting Bull when they arrested him (he was accidentally shot and killed), many also fled from the reservation

Question 18

Chief Joseph

Answer 18

leader of the Nez Percés tribe

Question 19

The Long Walk

Answer 19

a 300-mile forced march across the Navajo had to endure

Question 20

XII. The Long March

Answer 20

The soldiers were ordered to raid their fields, homes, and take their livestock, and kill those who resisted when the Navajo refused to settle in reservations (1864), they surrendered and was forced into the Long Walk

Question 21

XIII. The End of the Conflict

Answer 21

The Nez Percés were friendly until settlers discovered there was gold on their land, the tribe went to Canada to avoid conflict, traveling more than 1,170 miles, ended up giving up after seeing his tribe suffer from the cold “I will fight no more forever” (1877)