Immigration Flashcards
Immigrate
to come into a country of which one is not a native for permanent residence
urbanization
the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities
push factor
reasons why people left their old country for a new country
pull factor
reasons why people immigrated to a new country
ethnic group
group of people who share a common culture
old immigrants
millions of immigrants from britain, germany, ireland, scandinavia, in the mid-1800s
new immigrants
1880s, five million immigrants from other parts of Europe and Asia, brought different religions over
Steerage
the part of a ship providing rooms for the passengers with the cheapest tickets
Ellis Island
the port of entry for immigrants coming from Europe
III. Arrival in America
east and west coast were the two main points of entry, diseases spread quickly on the ship
IV. Arrival at Ellis Island
must pass examination test and those who were sick were quarantined or sent back, most didn’t know customs or language
The Great Hall
immigrants were processed here
Ghetto
an affordable area that was settled by recently arrived immigrants
benevolent societies
an immigrant aid organization
V. Adjusting to a New Land
most newcomers resided in the slums of manhattan and stayed within their own cultural group, their children learned the American culture easily
VI. Realities of Life in U.S.
many immigrants worked very hard for success at low-paying, unskilled jobs
tenement
any multi-occupancy apartment, most often crowded, run-down buildings
settlement house
community center offering help to the poor
Opposition to immigration
nativists opposed immigration because they feared they would lose their jobs, they wouldn’t learn the customs
VII. Immigrant life in cities
tenements were crowded and unsanitary, reformers demanded and got building codes, garbage collectors, and companies staying out of residential areas to reduce pollution, mass culture was brought in, public transportation increased
Jacob Riis
journalist and photographer who exposed the horrible conditions in tenements
Jane Addams
an activist who created the Hull House
VIII. Jacob Riis
Danish, came over in 1870, worked as a police reporter and photographer, published “How the Other Half Lives”
IX. Response to the Problem
Salvation Army offered food and shelter to the poor, YMCA/YWCA offered young people a brief escape from slum life, Hull House was created
Yellow Peril
the belief that people of East Asia posed a threat
Xenophobia
fear of foreigners
X. Chinese Immigration
- were brought over for the gold rush in 1848
- helped build transcontinental railroad
-clustered in chinatowns
discrimination of asians grew in the West, race riots broke out, protests grew to end discrimination against chinese citizens
XI. Chinese Exclusion Act
only law to target a specific race; banned immigration of Chinese laborers; repealed in 1943
paper children
someone from China who used fake documents to illegally immigrate by using the name of a legal resident
quota
limit on something
XII. Angel Island
other loopholes were used to immigrate, there was a possibility of being detained at angel island forever, had to have papers to prove relations to citizens in the U.S.
Birthright citizenship (14th amendment)
right of anyone born in a country to have automatic citizenship
XIII. U.S. vs Wong Kim Ark
arrived before the exclusion act, went to visit his parents in China, was denied reentry, won the supreme court case abt the 14th amendment
Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907
Japanese discrimination continued despite the U.S. repealing school segregation laws on Japanese citizens in San Fran, literacy tests were given to immigrants before entry
Emergency Quota Act of 1921
allowed a certain number of people from a country to immigrate to the U.S.
